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Displaying 5,121 - 5,130 of 65,138 Publications- Peatlands account for 15 to 30% of the world’s soil carbon (C) stock and are important controls over global nitrogen (N) cycles. However, C and N concentrations are known to vary among peatlands contributing to the uncertainty of global C inventories, but there are few global studies that relate peatland classification to peat chemistry. We analyzed 436 peat cores sampled in 24 countries across six continents and measured C, N, and organic matter (OM) content at three depths down to 70 cm. Sites were distinguished between northern (387) and tropical (49) peatlands and assigned to one of...AuthorsShanay T. Williams, Joseph B. Yavitt, Zhi-Guo Yu, Geoff Zahn, Shaun Watmough, Spencer Gilbert-Parkes, Nathan Basiliko, Louis J. Lamit, Erik Lilleskov, Roxanne Andersen, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, Rebekka E. Artz, Brian W. Benscoter, Werner Borken, Luca Bragazza, Stefani M. Brandt, Suzanna L. Bräuer, Michael A. Carson, Xin Chen, Rodney A. Chimner, Bev R. Clarkson, Alexander R. Cobb, Andrea S. Enriquez, Jenny Farmer, Samantha P. Grover, Charles F. Harvey, Lorna I Harris, Christina Hazard, Alison M. Hoyt, John Hribljan, Jyrki Jauhiainen, Sari Juutinen, Evan Kane, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Randy Kolka, Mari Könönen, Anna M. Laine, Tuula Larmola, Patrick A. Levasseur, Carmody K. McCalley, Jim McLaughlin, Tim R. Moore, Nadia Mykytczuk, Anna E. Normand, Virginia Rich, Bryce Robinson, Danielle L. Rupp, Jasmine Rutherford, Christopher W. Schadt, Dave S. Smith, Graeme Spiers, Leho Tedersoo, Pham Q. Thu, Carl C. Trettin, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Merritt Turetsky, Zuzana Urbanová, Ruth K. Varner, Mark P. Waldrop, Meng Wang, Zheng Wang, Matt Warren, Magdalena M. WiedermannSourcePLOS ONEYear2022
- Ondatra zibethicus (Common Muskrat) are often considered herbivores; however, they also eat animal matter, especially mussels, which comprise a considerable part of their diet in some populations. Common Muskrats also feed on crayfish (Astacoidea), although such behavior is poorly documented. On 21 April 2022, we observed a Common Muskrat repeatedly catching crayfish (Cambaridae) and carrying them to its den. The site in the Coldwater River National Wildlife Refuge, Quitman County, MS, consisted of a ditch with a water-control structure on the edge of a waterfowl impoundment being dewatered...AuthorsSusan B. Adams, Rebecca L. RosamondKeywordsSourceSoutheastern NaturalistYear2022
- Field-based transplant gardens, including common and reciprocal garden experiments, are a powerful tool for studying genetic variation and gene-by- environment interactions. These experiments assume that individuals within the garden represent independent replicates growing in a homogenous environment. Plant neighborhood interactions are pervasive across plant populations and could violate assumptions of transplant garden experiments. We demonstrate how spatially explicit models for plant–plant interactions can provide novel insights on genotypes' performance in field-transplant garden...AuthorsAndrii Zaiats, Juan M. Requena-Mullor, Matthew J. Germino, Jennifer S. Forbey, Bryce A. Richardson, T. Trevor. CaughlinKeywordsSourceEcology and Evolution. 12: e9630.Year2022
- One of the most fundamental yet challenging tasks for aquatic ecologists is to precisely delineate the range of species, particularly those that are broadly distributed, require specialized sampling methods, and may be simultaneously declining and increasing in different portions of their range. An exemplar is the Pacific lamprey Entosphenus tridentatus, a jawless anadromous fish of conservation concern that is actively managed in many coastal basins in western North America. To efficiently determine its distribution across the accessible 56,168 km of the upper Snake River basin in the...AuthorsMichael K. Young, Daniel J. Isaak, David E. Nagel, Dona Horan, Kellie Carim, Thomas W. Franklin, Victoria Zeller, Brett Roper, Michael K. SchwartzKeywordsSourceJournal of Fish Biology. 101: 1312-1325.Year2022
- Approaches in molecular genetics, metagenomics, and metabarcoding offer promise of further insights into disease caused by P. noxius. These genetic approaches may assist in developing disease management methods by examining pathogen inoculum levels and changes in microbial communities in response to management treatments.AuthorsPhilip G. Cannon, Ned B. Klopfenstein, Mee-Sook Kim, Jane E. Stewart, Chia-Lin ChungKeywordsSourceIn: Cannon, Philip G.; Klopfenstein, Ned B.; Kim, Mee-Sook; Stewart, Jane E.; Chung, Chia-Lin. Brown root rot disease caused by Phellinus noxius in U.S.-Affiliated Pacific Islands. Gen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-1006. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. p. 45-58.Year2022
- Many trees depend on symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi for nutrients in exchange for photosynthetically derived carbohydrates. Trees growing in peatlands, which cover 3% of the earth’s terrestrial surface area yet hold approximately one-third of organic soil carbon stocks, may benefit from ectomycorrhizal fungi that can efficiently forage for nutrients and degrade organic matter using oxidative enzymes such as class II peroxidases. However, such traits may place a higher carbon cost on both the fungi and host tree. To investigate these trade-offs that might structure peatland ectomycorrhizal...AuthorsStefan F. Hupperts, Erik LilleskovKeywordsSourceMycorrhizaYear2022
- Northern peatlands play an important role in the global C cycle due to their large C stocks and high potential methane (CH4) emissions. The CH4 and CO2 cycles of these systems are closely linked to hydrology, with water table level regulating the balance of oxic and anoxic conditions and the water content of Sphagnum mosses that dominate primary production. Previous work has demonstrated that hyperspectral indices well-suited to the detection of altered hydrology in Sphagnum peatlands are also highly correlated with GPP. However, little work has been done to extend these findings to CH4...AuthorsColin Tucker, Ally O’Neill, Karl Meingast, Laura Bourgeau‐Chavez, Erik Lilleskov, Evan KaneSourceJournal of Geophysical Research: BiogeosciencesYear2022
- Páramo peatlands are a regional reservoir of biodiversity and ecosystem services, accumulating large amounts of carbon and buffering water flows. Despite their importance, they have a long history of use and impacts including drainage for agriculture and grazing, and water withdrawal for human uses. Here we present a preliminary assessment of the conservation status of páramo peatlands in Ecuador and, using a case study, discuss peatland restoration as a tool for mitigation and adaptation to the impacts of current climate change. Through a simple index assessing the cumulative presence of...AuthorsEsteban Suarez, Segundo Chimbolema, Ricardo Jaramillo, Leo Zurita-Arthos, Paul Arellano, Rodney A. Chimner, John Stanovick, Erik LilleskovKeywordsSourceMitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global ChangeYear2022
- Urban green spaces have previously been linked to reduction in crime and improvements in neighborhood environments. This study considered if the Care-A-Lot (CAL) program in Baltimore City, which incentivizes local community groups to maintain and green vacant lots, reduces violent and property crime. Compared to a 2016–2017 baseline, city block groups with CAL programs saw a significantly larger decrease in crime compared to matched block groups with no CAL programs both in 2018 and 2019. These results were found to be robust through a series of sensitivity analyses and add to the literatur...AuthorsAnton Kvit, Anne E. Corrigan, Dexter H. Locke, Frank C. Curriero, Kristin MmariKeywordsSourceUrban Forestry & Urban GreeningYear2022
- This study investigated carbonate pre-treatment of wood followed by densification for producing advanced wood structural materials. Poplar wood blocks of 100 mm long and 20 mm wide with thickness of 10 mm were treated with sodium carbonate with and without sulfide at different carbonate loadings at 150 ºC for 30 min. Carbonate effectively removed lignin and hemicelluloses which facilitated subsequent wood densification for improving wood mechanical properties. Comparing with wood pre-treatment using sodium hydroxide, carbonate pretreatment improved wood yield but achieved similar level of...AuthorsJiajun Wang, Riley Simson, Roland L. Gleisner, Sara Fishwild, Marshall Begel, Junyong ZhuSourceIndustrial Crops & ProductsYear2022