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Displaying 62,741 - 62,750 of 62,750 Publications- Natureas engineering of wood through genetics, stand conditions, and environment creates wide variability in wood as a material, which in turn introduces difficulties in wood processing and utilization. Manufacturers sometimes find it difficult to consistently process wood into quality products because of its wide range of properties. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the usefulness of a stress wave technique for evaluating wood strength and stiffness of young-growth western hemlock and Sitka spruce in standing trees. A secondary objective was to determine ...AuthorsXiping Wang, Robert J. Ross, Michael McClellan, R. James Barbour, John R. Erickson, John W. Forsman, Gary D. McGinnisKeywordsSource(Research paper FPL ; RP-585):9 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
- The IMPROVE Lumber Drying Program is intended to increase awareness of the lumber drying system as a critical component in the manufacture of quality lumber. One objective of the program is to provide easy-to-use tools that a kiln/predryer operator can use to maintain an efficient drying operation and therefore improve lumber drying quality. This report is one component of the IMPROVE Program. It is a guidebook1checklist for quality drying in a hardwood lumber predryer that kiln/ predryer operators or owners can use to readily evaluate how well their operations rate on those factors that most ...AuthorsE. M. Wengert, R. S. BooneKeywordsSource(General technical report FPL ; IMP-GTR-3):32 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
- This report describes the development of a test method and predictive model to estimate the residual bending strength of fire-retardant-treated plywood roof sheathing from measurement of screw-withdrawal force. The preferred test methodology is described in detail. Models were developed to predict loss in mean and lower prediction bounds for plywood bending strength as a function of a screw-withdrawal force. Our analysis of fire-retardant-treated plywood from three different studies, each with various fire-retardant-treatment, processing, plywood thickness, and exposure temperature groupings, ...AuthorsJ. E. Winandy, P. K. Lebow, W. NelsonKeywordsSource(Research paper FPL ; RP-568):20 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
- The degradation of wood treated with fire retardant (FR) chemicals in roof systems is a problem of major national significance. Understanding of this phenomenon is limited by lack of information on how the performance of FR-treated wood in the laboratory correlates to that of FR-treated wood in the field. In this study, five outdoor field exposure chambers were constructed near Madison, Wisconsin, in the summer of 1991. These structures were intended to simulate the batticsc of multifamily structures for which model building codes sometimes allow the use of FR-treated roof sheathing. Interior ...AuthorsJ. E. Winandy, R. BeaumontKeywordsSource(Research paper FPL ; RP-543):14 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
- Bolted connections often fail by a shear plug or a splitting beneath the bolt caused by tension perpendicular-to-grain stresses as the bolt wedges its way through the wood. Preventing this type of failure would enhance the capacity and reliability of the bolted connection, thus increasing the overall integrity of a timber structure and enabling wood to compete favorably with other engineering materials. This research investigated the use of fiberglass reinforcement to enhance the load-carrying capacity of bolted wood connections. A series of specimens were prepared from standard 38- by 89-mm (...AuthorsD. F. Windorski, L. A. Soltis, R. J. RossKeywordsSource(Research paper FPL ; RP-562):9 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
- As part of an effort to encourage more efficient use of small-diameter timber, the Forest Products Laboratory cooperated with Geiger Engineers in a study of the structural properties of Douglas-fir peeler cores and the efficacy of a bdowel-nutc connection detail for application in the design of a space frame roof system. A 44.5-mm- (1.75-in.-) diameter dowel-nut connector was found to be economically feasible at a design capacity of 44.5 kN (1.0 * 104 lbf) for a 127-mm- (5-in.-) diameter Douglas-fir peeler core. Variables that affect joint strength and failure mode are location of the dowel nu...AuthorsRonald W. Wolfe, John R. King, Agron GjinolliKeywordsSource(Research paper FPL ; RP-586):16 p. : ill. ; 28 cm.
- Copper-based biocides are widely used to protect wood from biological attack in a variety of environments. Chromated copper arsenate (CCA) is the dominant copper-based preservative for wood protection (J. T. MICKLEWRIGHT, 1989). First developed in India in the 1930s, CCA contains a very effective combination of materials. Copper provides protection against most organisms, chromium aids in the fixation of copper and arsenic to the wood, and arsenic provides supplemental protection against those organisms that are copper tolerant (W. H. HARTFORD, 1973). CCA provides excellent protection in most ...AuthorsStan T. Lebow, Thomas Nilsson, Jeffrey J. MorrellKeywordsDouglas-fir, red alder, CCA, ACZA, ACQ, copper citrate, soil bed, bacterial attack, leaching, soil chemistry, arsenic, copper, wood preservatives, soil pollution, chromium, preservatives, copper compounds, stake tests, CCA, chromated copper arsenate, treated wood, environmental aspects, ACZA, ACQ, ammoniacal copper zinc arsenate, alkaline copper quat, biocidesSourceMaterial und organismen. Vol. 33, no. 3 (1999-2000): Pages 235-243
- Highways cause significant impacts to birds in four ways: direct mortality, indirect mortality, habitat fragmentation, and disturbance. In this paper I discuss highway-related impacts, and suggest solutions from a highway management perspective. Non-flying birds (either behaviorally or structurally) such as gallinaceous birds and ducklings; waterbirds such as terns; owls; ground-nesters; scavengers; Neotropical overwater migrants; frugivorous birds; and birds attracted to salt are often killed from highway-related causes. Suggested solutions include highway crossing structures, diversion poles...AuthorsSandra L. JacobsonKeywordsSourceIn: Ralph, C. John; Rich, Terrell D., editors 2005. Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. 2002 March 20-24; Asilomar, California, Volume 2 Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191. Albany, CA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: p. 1043-1050
- Over five billion birds move each year across the Americas, flying great distances over almost every location and habitat on the continents (Weidensaul 1999). Over 350 of the over 800 bird species in the United States migrate each year to Latin America and the Caribbean (Degraaf and Rappole 1995). Some fly each way over 4000 miles, chasing the seasons across oceans and continents (Weidensaul 1999). In addition, migratory birds are very important to Americans. Over 75 million Americans participate in bird watching, photography, hunting, nature study, and feeding. These Americans support busines...AuthorsJack C. Capp, David MehlmanSourceIn: Ralph, C. John; Rich, Terrell D., editors 2005. Bird Conservation Implementation and Integration in the Americas: Proceedings of the Third International Partners in Flight Conference. 2002 March 20-24; Asilomar, California, Volume 2 Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-191. Albany, CA: U.S. Dept. of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: p. 1138-1142
- An American wood. Description of the distribution, growth, habit, wood, and wood properties of the species. Includes bibliographical references.AuthorsEdwin Kallio, Richard M. GodmanKeywordsSourceFS-219