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Displaying 6,751 - 6,760 of 64,636 Publications- The retro-aldol reaction is one of the key steps involved in the oxidative conversion of lignin to aromatic aldehydes and acids. In principle, the retro-aldol reaction can proceed in the absence of oxygen. In this work, a new approach based on the influence of oxygen on the oxidation of lignin was investigated. In this approach, the duration of oxygen charged during the reaction was optimized to, for the first time, improve the yield of aromatic aldehydes and acids. The effect of reaction chemistry, time, temperature, and lignin feedstock plays a key role on the yield of aromatic aldehydes...AuthorsAjinkya More, Thomas Elder, Zhihua JiangKeywordsSourceInternational Journal of Biological MacromoleculesYear2021
- Habitability has been generally defined as the capability of an environment to support life. Ecologists have been using Habitat Suitability Models (HSMs) for more than four decades to study the habitability of Earth from local to global scales. Astrobiologists have been proposing different habitability models for some time, with lit-tle integration and consistency among them, being different in function to those used by ecologists. Habitability models are not only used to determine whether environments are habitable, but they also are used to characterize what key factors are responsible...AuthorsAbel Méndez, Edgard G. Rivera-Valentín, Dirk Schulze-Makuch, Justin Filiberto, Ramses M. Ramírez, Tana E. Wood, Alfonso Dávila, Chris McKay, Kevin N. Ortiz Ceballos, Marcos Jusino-Maldonado, Nicole J. Torres-Santiago, Guillermo Nery, René Heller, Paul K. Byrne, Michael J. Malaska, Erica Nathan, Marta Filipa Simões, André Antunes, Jesús Martínez-Frías, Ludmila Carone, Noam R. Izenberg, Dimitra Atri, Humberto Itic Carvajal Chitty, Priscilla Nowajewski-Barra, Frances Rivera-Hernández, Corine Y. Brown, Kennda L. Lynch, David Catling, Jorge I Zuluaga, Juan F. Salazar, Howard Chen, Grizelle Gonzalez, Madhu Kashyap Jagadeesh, Jacob Haqq-MisraKeywordsSourceAstrobiologyYear2021
- Tropical forests are the largest contributors to global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) to the atmosphere via soil respiration (Rs). As such, identifying the main controls on Rsin tropical forests is essential for accurately projecting the consequences of ongoing and future global environmental changes to the global C cycle. We measured hourly Rsin a secondary tropical moist forest in Puerto Rico over a 3-year period to (a) quantify the magnitude of Rsand (b) identify the role of climatic, substrate, and nutrient controls on the seasonality of Rs. Across 3 years of measurements, mean...AuthorsOmar Gutiérrez del Arroyo, Tana E. WoodKeywordsSourceEcology and EvolutionYear2021
- Allometric equations are widely used to estimate forest aboveground biomass (AGB). However, their development rarely includes the oldest and largest trees, leading to estimation errors. Black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) is an early successional nitrogen-fixing tree, native to the Eastern United States. It is widespread, often the dominant tree following disturbance, and can be a significant source of new nitrogen to recovering forests. Here we developed allometric equations for black locust to predict AGB and leaf area based on diameter at breast height (DBH). We compiled existing data...AuthorsJoel Scott, Chelcy F. Miniat, Jessie Motes, Sarah L. Ottinger, Nina Wurzburger, Katherine ElliottKeywordsSourceResearch Paper SRS-64Year2021
- Reproductive success has substantial implications for mammal populations yet evaluating female behavior during critical reproductive periods can be particularly difficult for cryptic species. North American martens (American Marten, Martes americana; Pacific Marten, M. caurina) are small-bodied, solitary, and wide-ranging carnivores of conservation concern, whose reproductive behaviors have largely been observed in captive populations. Our primary objective was to assess duration of den use and den attendance patterns of wild female Pacific Martens relative to stages of marten kit developme...AuthorsMatthew S. Delheimer, Alyssa M. Roddy, Katie MoriartyKeywordsSourceWestern Wildlife. 8: 18-26.Year2021
- AuthorsJohn Worden, Sassan Saatchi, Michael Keller, A. Anthony Bloom, Junjie Liu, Nicholas Parazoo, Joshua B. Fisher, Kevin Bowman, John T. Reager, Kristen Fahy, David Schimel, Rong Fu, Sarah Worden, Yi Yin, Pierre Gentine, Alexandra G. Konings, Gregory R. Quetin, Mathew Williams, Helen Worden, Mingjie Shi, Armineh BarkhordarianSourceReviews of GeophysicsYear2021
- AuthorsEric B. Gorgens, Matheus H. Nunes, Tobias Jackson, David Coomes, Michael Keller, Cristiano R. Reis, Ruben Valbuena, Jacqueline Rosette, Danilo R. A. Almeida, Bruno Gimenez, Roberta Cantinho, Alline Z. Motta, Mauro Assis, Francisca R. Souza Pereira, Gustavo Spanner, Niro Higuchi, Jean Pierre. OmettoSourceGlobal Change BiologyYear2021
- Urban waterfronts are experiencing a renaissance, as it is estimated that by 2030 more than 60 percent of the world’s population will live in cities, the majority of which are located in coastal or riparian regions. On a global level, changing public demands have spurred a new language of sustainability, revitalisation, and resilience with regard to urban waterfronts. Prior research has explored the potential ecological and social impacts of these trends, both in terms of benefits such as opportunities for recreation, as well as negative consequences such as increasing gentrification. Less...AuthorsA.H. Toomey, Lindsay K. Campbell, Michelle Johnson, L. Strehlau-Howay, B. Manzolillo, C. Thomas, T. Graham, M. PaltaSourceLocal EnvironmentYear2021
- Coastal communities are threatened by extreme weather events in the form of storm surge and by frequent, chronic, or nuisance flooding. The physical damage of these events is vast and established in the literature; however, the social-emotional impacts are less well-documented. This pilot study sought to understand the impacts of tidal flooding on flood-prone communities in Queens, NY. Through in-depth, semi-structured interviews (n=9) with civic science participants, we document flooding impacts, identify adaptations to flooding, and examine sources of information about flooding--including...AuthorsLindsay K. Campbell, Helen Cheng, Erika Svendsen, Dana Kochnower, Katherine Bunting-Howarth, Phoebe WapnitskySourceCities and the Environment (CATE). 14: Article 4. 38p.Year2021
- Tropical forest canopies cycle vast amounts of carbon, yet we still have a limited understanding of how these critical ecosystems will respond to climate warming. We implemented in situ leaf-level + 3°C experimental warming from the understory to the upper canopy of two Puerto Rican tropical tree species, Guarea guidoniaand Ocotea sintenisii. After approximately 1 month of continuous warming, we assessed adjustments in photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, stomatal conductance, leaf traits and foliar respiration. Warming did not alter net photosynthetic temperature response for either...AuthorsKelsey R. Carter, Tana E. Wood, Sasha C. Reed, Kaylie M. Butts, Molly A. CavaleriSourcePlant, Cell & EnvironmentYear2021