Treesearch
Displaying 8,661 - 8,670 of 65,202 Publications- A biocultural diversity approach integrates plant biology and germplasm dispersal processes with human cultural diversity. An increasing number of studies have identified cultural factors and ethnolinguistic barriers as the main drivers of the genetic diversity in crop plants. Little is known about how anthropogenic processes have affected the evolution of tree crops over the entire time scale of their interaction with humans. In Asia and the Mediterranean, common walnut (Juglans regia L.) and sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) have been economically and culturally important crops for...AuthorsPaola Pollegioni, Stefano Del Lungo, Ruth Müller, Keith Woeste, Francesca Chiocchini, Jo Clark, Gabriel E. Hemery, Sergio Mapelli, Fiorella Villani, Maria Emilia Malvolti, Claudia MattioniKeywordsSourceEcology and EvolutionYear2020
- Hybridization is a potential tool for incorporating stress tolerance in plants, particularly to pests and diseases, in support of restoration and conservation efforts. Butternut (Juglans cinerea) is a species for which hybridization has only recently begun being explored. This North American hardwood tree is threatened due to Ophiognomonia clavigignenti-juglandacearum (Ocj), the causal fungus of butternut canker disease (BCD), first observed in 1967. Observational evidence in some wild J. cinerea populations indicates that naturalized hybrids of J. cinerea with Japanese walnut (Juglans...AuthorsAndrea N. Brennan, Jim McKenna, Sean M. Hoban, Douglass F. JacobsKeywordsSourceFrontiers in Plant ScienceYear2020
- The GFOI MGD provides practical advice related to the development of a National Forest Monitoring System to help meet national and international reporting requirements by: providing user-friendly guidance for linking UNFCCC decisions with IPCC guidance; focusing on how remotely sensed and ground-based data can be effectively combined to improve estimation of predominately forest related GHG emissions and removals, including those related to GHG inventories, REDD+ activities, and Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs); addressing a gap that would otherwise exist in practical guidance on...AuthorsAndres Espejo, Sandro Federici, Carly Green, Naikoa Amuchastegui, Remi d'Annunzio, Heiko Balzter, Pradeepa Bholanath, Cris Brack, Charles Brewer, Luca Birigazzi, Edersson Cabrera, Sarah Carter, Narendra Chand, Danny Donoghue, Simon Eggleston, Nikki Fitzgerald, Giles Foody, Gustavo Galindo, Sara A. Goeking, Giacomo Grassi, Alex Held, Martin Herold, Christoph Kleinn, Werner Kurz, Erik Lindquist, Ronald McRoberts, Anthea Mitchell, Erik Næsset, Evan Notman, Shaun Quegan, Ake Rosenqvist, Stephen Roxburgh, Christophe Sannier, Charles Scott, Goran Stahl, Stephen Stehman, Viliame Tupua, Pete Watt, Sylvia Wilson, Curtis Woodcock, Mike WulderSourceRome, Italy: U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization. 300 p.Year2020
- Parent–offspring conflict has explained a variety of ecological phenomena across animal taxa, but its role in mediating when songbirds fledge remains controversial. Specifically, ecologists have long debated the influence of songbird parents on the age of fledging: Do parents manipulate offspring into fledging to optimize their own fitness or do offspring choose when to leave? To provide greater insight into parent–offspring conflict over fledging age in songbirds, we compared nesting and postfledging survival rates across 18 species from eight studies in the continental United States. For...AuthorsTodd M. Jones, Jeffrey D. Brawn, Ian J. Ausprey, Andrew C. Vitz, Amanda D. Rodewald, Douglas W. Raybuck, Than J. Boves, Cameron J. Fiss, Darin J. McNeil, Scott H. Stoleson, Jeffery L. Larkin, W. Andrew Cox, Amy C. Schwarzer, Noah P. Horsley, Evalynn M. Trumbo, Michael P. WardKeywordsSourceProceedings of the National Academy of SciencesYear2020
- We assessed Rubus seed bank abundance and variability in 39 stands located throughout northern Pennsylvania as part of a replicated chronosequence of age classes. Seed abundance declined precipitously after stand age 60 in the Allegheny hardwoods or after stand age 50 in the northern hardwood and oak forests. Variability among sites increased with stand age, resulting in less predictability of Rubus seed abundance. Rubus seed banks were more than twice as abundant in Allegheny and northern hardwoods as in mixed oaks. Rubus seed bank abundance decreased as percent clay in the soil increased....AuthorsTodd Ristau, Alejandro A. RoyoKeywordsSourceThe Journal of the Torrey Botanical SocietyYear2020
- Forest vulnerability to drought is expected to increase under anthropogenic climate change, and drought-induced mortality and community dynamics following drought have major ecological and societal impacts. Here, we show that tree mortality concomitant with drought has led to short-term (mean 5 y, range 1 to 23 y after mortality) vegetation-type conversion in multiple biomes across the world (131 sites). Self-replacement of the dominant tree species was only prevalent in 21% of the examined cases and forests and woodlands shifted to nonwoody vegetation in 10% of them. The ultimate temporal...AuthorsEnric Batllori, Francisco Lloret, Tuomas Aakala, William R. L. Anderegg, Ermias Aynekulu, Devin P. Bendixsen, Abdallah Bentouati, Christof Bigler, C. John Burk, J. Julio Camarero, Michele Colangelo, Jonathan D. Coop, Roderick Fensham, M. Lisa Floyd, Lucia Galiano, Joseph L. Ganey, Patrick Gonzalez, Anna L. Jacobsen, Jeffrey Michael Kane, Thomas Kitzberger, Juan C. Linares, Suzanne B. Marchetti, George Matusick, Michael Michaelian, Rafael M. Navarro-Cerrillo, Robert Brandon Pratt, Miranda D. Redmond, Andreas Rigling, Francesco Ripullone, Gabriel Sanguesa-Barreda, Yamila Sasal, Sandra Saura-Mas, Maria Laura Suarez, Thomas T. Veblen, Albert Vila-Cabrera, Caroline Vincke, Ben ZeemanKeywordsSourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117(47): 29720-29729.Year2020
- Global climate change represents a growing conservation threat, but our understanding of the effects of climate change remains limited for most species. Understanding these effects may be particularly important for species that are already threatened by other factors, because climate change may interact synergistically with those factors. One such species is the threatened Mexican Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis lucida). These owls frequently nest and roost in late seral forests featuring high canopy cover, and these forests are threatened by increases in the extent and severity of fires...AuthorsJoseph L. GaneySourceAssociation of Field Ornithologists. Online: http://afonet.org/in-the-hot-seat-mexican-spotted-owl-habitat-could-dry-up-in-the-face-of-climate-change/.Year2020
- Because more than half of the forest land in the United States is privately owned, forest landowners play an important role in the stewardship of our wildlife resources. This publication will introduce you to a group of wildlife that is particularly important to forest ecosystems, but also one of the most misunderstood: bats. We will demonstrate how active forest management can improve forest health and productivity while maintaining and enhancing habitat for these fascinating and beneficial mammals.AuthorsDaniel A. R. Taylor, Roger W. Perry, Darren A. Miller, W. Mark FordKeywordsSourceHadley, MA: White-nose Syndrome Response TeamYear2020
- Lycorma delicatula (White), an invasive planthopper originally from Asia, is an emerging pest in North America. It is important to understand its phenology in order to determine its potential range in the United States. Lycorma delicatula nymphs were reared on Ailanthus altissima (Miller) (Sapindales: Simaroubaceae) at each of the following constant temperatures: 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, and 40°C. The time spent in each instar and survival was recorded. Developmental rate increased with temperature from 15 to 30°C for all instars, then declined again at higher temperatures. Nymphal...AuthorsDevin Kreitman, Melody Keena, Anne Nielsen, George HamiltonKeywordsSourceEnvironmental EntomologyYear2020
- The negative impacts of invasive species on native amphibians have been well studied (Moyle 1973; Bradford 1989; Blossey 1999; Simberloff 2000; Bucciarelli et al. 2014). Although much of this research has focused on the negative impacts of animals, invasive plants are of particular interest because they are disproportionately wetland species (Zelder and Kercher 2004) that could pose a substantial risk to aquatic amphibians. Invasive plants can alter aquatic systems by leaching phytochemicals and causing changes to water chemistry (Leonard 2008; Watling et al. 2011a; Montez 2016). Phenolic...AuthorsDaniel Saenz, Cory K. AdamsKeywordsSourceHerpetological ReviewYear2020