Treesearch
Displaying 9,221 - 9,230 of 65,202 Publications- Our future bioeconomy depends on increased utilization of renewable lignocellulosic biomass. Controlling the diffusion of chemicals, such as inorganic ions, within secondary plant cell walls is central to many biomass applications. However, insufficient understanding of intra-cell-wall diffusion within secondary plant cell walls is hindering the advancement of many lignocellulosic biomass applications. In this work, X-ray fluorescence microscopy was used to measure diffusion constants of K+, cu2+, and Cl− diffusing through loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) cell wall layers under 70%, 75%, or 80%...AuthorsJoseph Jakes, Samuel L. Zelinka, Christopher G. Hunt, Peter Ciesielski, Charles R. Frihart, Daniel J. Yelle, Leandro Passarini, Sophie-Charlotte Gleber, David Vine, Stefan VogtKeywordsSourceScientific Reports. 10(1): 484. 15 p.Year2020
- Lignin valorization is significantly influenced by the degrees of lignin condensation measured by the amount of cleaved βeOe4 ether linkages and interunit CeC linkages formed during biomass fractionation. To minimize the cleavage of aryl ether and formation of CeC linkages, a p–toluenesulfonic acid (p–TsOH)/choline chloride (ChCl) solvent system with hydrotropic properties was evaluated. The ChCl was chosen to control the H+ concentration of the p–TsOH/ChCl solvent system. Compared with p–TsOH/H2O, the degradation of βeOe4 was kept in a similar rate during p–TsOH/ChCl fractionation;...AuthorsWangxia Wang, Feng Gu, Junyong Zhu, Kaiyong Sun, Zhaosheng Cai, Shufeng Yao, Wenjuan Wu, Yongcan JinKeywordsSourceIndustrial Crops and Products. 150: 112423. 8 p.Year2020
- Poplar trees can be grown on marginal land to conserve water and recycle nutrients, but the wood has poor mechanical properties for structural applications. This study evaluated the feasibility of densifying poplar wood through delignification to improve mechanical properties. Delignification was conducted using a commercial soda pulping process under various NaOH concentrations of 0–6% with a reduced liquor-to-wood ratio of 3, along with a novel hydrotropic fractionation process using maleic acid. Delignified wood was pressed with or without stop bars at a low pressure of 1 MPa at 150 °C...AuthorsJiajun Wang, Sara Fishwild, Marshall Begel, Junyong ZhuKeywordsSourceJournal of Materials Science. 55(29): 14664-14676.Year2020
- Aim: To evaluate current and future dynamics of 25 tree species spanning United States and Canada. Location: United States and Canada. Methods: We combine, for the first time, the species compositions from relative importance derived from the USA’s Forest Inventory Analysis (FIA) with gridded estimates based on Canada's National Forest Inventory (NFI-kNN))-based photo plot data to evaluate future habitats and colonization potentials for 25 tree species. Using 21 climatic variables under RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5, we model climatic habitat suitability (HQ) within a consensus-based multimodel...AuthorsAnantha M. Prasad, John Pedlar, Matthew Peters, Dan McKenney, Louis Iverson, Stephen Matthews, Bryce T. AdamsKeywordsSourceDiversity and DistributionsYear2020
- A foliar nematode, Litylenchus crenatae ssp. mccannii, is associated with beech leaf disease (BLD) symptoms. Information about the types of tissues parasitized and how nematode populations fluctuate in these tissues over time is needed to improve surveys as well as understand the nematodes role in BLD. During this study, the nematode was detected throughout the known range of BLD by researchers at both Canadian and US institutions using a modified pan method to extract nematodes. Monthly collections of symptomatic and asymptomatic leaves during the growing season (May–October), and leaves...AuthorsSharon E. Reed, Sylvia Greifenhagen, Qing Yu, Adam Hoke, David J. Burke, Lynn K. Carta, Zafar A. Handoo, Mihail R. Kantor, Jennifer KochKeywordsSourceForest PathologyYear2020
- The Landsat program has long supported pioneering research on the recovery of forest information by remote sensing technologies for several decades, and efforts to improve the thematic resolution and accuracy of forest compositional products remains an area of continued innovation. Recent development and application of Landsat time series analysis offers unique opportunities for quantifying seasonality and trend components among different forest types for developing alternative feature sets for forest vegetation mapping. Within a large forested landscape in Southeastern Ohio, USA, we...AuthorsBryce T. Adams, Louis Iverson, Stephen Matthews, Matthew Peters, Anantha M. Prasad, David M. HixKeywordsSourceRemote SensingYear2020
- Aim: Latitudinal clines of species diversity are widely documented in terrestrial and marine ecosystems. However, the processes governing species diversity gradients in riverine ecosystems have not been well-studied. We addressed this issue by comparing species diversity between riverine aquatic and terrestrial earthworm groups (genus Sparganophilus and Diplocardia, respectively). Location: North American temperate zone. Taxon: Sparganophilus and Diplocardia. Methods: We collected 556 Sparganophilus earthworms from 64 sites spanning 27 degrees of latitude (18.77°-45.90°N), and 165 Diplocard...AuthorsHiroshi Ikeda, Mac A. Callaham, Richard P. Shefferson, Evelyn S. Wenk, Carlos FragosoSourceJournal of BiogeographyYear2020
- A ‘resilient’ forest endures disturbance and is likely to persist. Resilience to wildfire may arise from feedback between fire behaviour and forest structure in dry forest systems. Frequent fire creates fine‐scale variability in forest structure, which may then interrupt fuel continuity and prevent future fires from killing overstorey trees. Testing the generality and scale of this phenomenon is challenging for vast, long‐lived forest ecosystems. We quantify forest structural variability and fire severity across >30 years and >1000 wildfires in California's Sierra Nevada. We find that...AuthorsMichael J. Koontz, Malcolm P. North, Chhaya M. Werner, Stephen E. Fick, Andrew M. LatimerKeywordsSourceEcology Letters. 23(3): 483-494Year2020
- Understanding the likely future impacts of biological invasions is crucial yet highly challenging given the multiple relevant environmental, socio-economic and societal contexts and drivers. In the absence of quantitative models, methods based on expert knowledge are the best option for assessing future invasion trajectories. Here, we present an expert assessment of the drivers of potential alien species impacts under contrasting scenarios and socioecological contexts through the mid-21st century. Based on responses from 36 experts in biological invasions, moderate (20%–30%) increases in...AuthorsFranz Essl, Bernd Lenzner, Sven Bacher, Sarah Bailey, Cesar Capinha, Curtis Daehler, Stefan Dullinger, Piero Genovesi, Cang Hui, Philip E. Hulme, Jonathan M. Jeschke, Stelios Katsanevakis, Ingolf Kühn, Brian Leung, Andrew M. Liebhold, Chunlong Liu, Hugh J. MacIsaac, Laura A. Meyerson, Martin A. Nuñez, Aníbal Pauchard, Petr Pyšek, Wolfgang Rabitsch, David M. Richardson, Helen E. Roy, Gregory M. Ruiz, James C. Russell, Nathan J. Sanders, Dov F. Sax, Riccardo Scalera, Hanno Seebens, Michael Springborn, Anna Turbelin, Mark Kleunen, Betsy Holle, Marten Winter, Rafael D. Zenni, Brady J. Mattsson, Nuria Roura‐PascualKeywordsSourceGlobal Change BiologyYear2020
- Conserving forests to provide ecosystem services and biodiversity will be a key environmental challenge as society strives to adapt to climate change. The ecosystem services and biodiversity that forests provide will be influenced by the behaviors of numerous individual private landowners as they alter their use of forests in response to climate change and any future carbon pricing policies that emerge. We evaluated the impact of forest landowners’ likely adaptation behaviors on potential habitat for 35 terrestrial, forest-dependent vertebrates across three U.S. Pacific states. In particula...AuthorsYukiko Hashida, John Withey, David J. Lewis, Tara Newman, Jeffrey D. KlineKeywordsSourcePLOS ONE. 15(4): e0230525-.Year2020