Treesearch

We conducted snorkel surveys for juvenile salmonids in reaches of the Entiat River, Washington, treated with engineered logjams and in reaches without treatments to determine if observations at a habitat unit scale can identify whether restoration has increased the habitat capacity of a reach. The conceptual basis and field methodology emphasize fish density data (fish/habitat area in m2) from unrestored habitat within a reach treated with engineered logjams compared with surveys in (1) unrestored habitat in untreated reaches and (2) restored habitat in treated reaches. A Bayesian generaliz...

As the climate warms, drought will increasingly occur under elevated temperatures, placing forest ecosystems at growing risk of extensive dieback and mortality. In some cases, increases in tree density following early 20th-century fire suppression may exacerbate this risk. Treatments designed to restore historical stand structure and enhance resistance to high-severity fire might also alleviate drought stress by reducing competition, but the duration of these effects and the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. To elucidate these mechanisms, we evaluate tree growth, mortality,...

Several formulations of the antiaggregation pheromone verbenone (4,6,6-trimethylbicyclo [3.1.1]hept-3-en-2-one) are registered to protect pine trees and forest stands from mountain pine beetle, Dendroctonus ponderosaeHopkins (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), but failures in efficacy are not uncommon. In 2011–2013, a novel formulation of (−)-verbenone was developed (SPLAT® Verb, 10.0% (−)-verbenone by weight, EPA Reg. No. 80286−20, ISCA Technologies Inc., Riverside, CA, USA) for protecting individual lodgepole pine, Pinus contortaDougl. ex Loud., and small stands of P. contortafrom mortality...

Urbanization impacts ecosystem functions and services by fundamentally altering the balances between precipitation, water yield (Q), and evapotranspiration (ET) in watersheds. Accurate quantification of future hydrologic impacts is essential for national urban planning and watershed management decision making. We hypothesize that ‘hydrologic impacts of urbanization are not created equal’ as a result of the large spatial variability in climate and land use/land cover change (LULCC). A monthly water balance model was validated and applied to quantify the hydrologic responses of 81,900...

The host selection behaviour of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis , was assessed by monitoring the landing rates of the beetles with sticky sheet traps on the host and nonhost hardwood branches. Sticky sheet traps were deployed for 8 weeks from 6 June to 2 August. 2017 in the Putah Creek Riparian Reserve, Davis, CA. Branches from host northern California black walnut, Juglans hindsii, were paired with branches from six nonhost hardwood species. The landing rate of P. juglandis(412 beetles trapped/8 weeks; 389 on host branches, 23 on nonhost branches) was significantly greater...

Invasive species can spread to new landscapes through various anthropogenic factors and negatively impact urban ecosystems, societies, and economies. Public awareness is considered central to mitigating the spread of invasive species. News media contributes to awareness although it is unclear what messages are being communicated. We incorporated Frame Theory to investigate newspapers' coverage of the emerald ash borer (EAB; Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (Coleoptera: Buprestidae)), which has killed millions of ash trees in the continental United States. We conducted a content analysis of...

Grasslands occur on all of the continents. They collectively constitute the largest ecosystem in the world, making up 40.5% of the terrestrial land area, excluding Greenland and Antarctica. Grasslands are not entirely natural because they have formed and developed under natural and anthropogenic pressures. Their importance now is to the variety of ecosystem services that they provide: livestock grazing areas, water catchments, biodiversity reserves, tourism sites, recreation areas, religious sites, wild food sources, and natural medicine sources. An important function of grasslands is...

We consider the effects of protectionist trade policies on international and domestic market integration; using evidence from the long-standing softwood lumber trade dispute between Canada and the United States. The benefits of trade liberalization are widely acknowledged; including better home-to-foreign price transmission due to reduced tariffs and lower trade costs between countries. Yet in recent years we see efforts to protect specific domestic groups; including producers; through a revival of protectionist trade policies. Such policies could improve the home-to-home price transmission...

Laboratory-derived composition and pyrolysis data are essential inputs for the modeling of fire behavior. Recently, fire research has focused on live fuels including living wood and leaves, which exhibit sharp differences in moisture levels and chemical composition as compared to dead fuels. These leaf components have fuel properties that function in the spread of wildfire and must be considered in order to produce nuanced predictive models that reflect real life conditions. The goal of this study was to assemble a suite of methods that would achieve summative mass closure for analysis of...

The Northeastern California Plateaus Bioregion Science Synthesis reviews literature relevant to the ecology and management of the Great Basin ecosystems and dry pine forests of the Lassen and Modoc National Forests. Critical factors on these national forests are reduced water availability - expected to become more challenging as levels and patterns of precipitation and temperature change under climate variability - coupled with a high proportion of rangeland and open woodland whose vegetation community is influenced by grazing of livestock and wild animal populations. Conifer encroachment...