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- Paenibacillus sp. strain JDR-2, an aggressively xylanolytic bacterium isolated from sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua) wood, is able to efficiently depolymerize, assimilate and metabolize 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan, the predominant structural component of hardwood hemicelluloses. A basis for this capability was first supported by the identification of genes and characterization of encoded enzymes and has been further defined by the sequencing and annotation of the complete genome, which we describe. In addition to genes implicated in the utilization of β-1,4-xylan, genes have also been...AuthorsVirginia Chow, Guang Nong, Franz St. John, John D. Rice, Ellen Dickstein, Olga Chertkov, David Bruce, Chris Detter, Thomas Brettin, James Han, Tanja Woyke, Sam Pitluck, Matt Nolan, Amrita Pati, Joel Martin, Alex Copeland, Miriam L. Land, Lynne Goodwin, Jeffrey B. Jones, Lonnie O. Ingram, Keelnathan T. Shanmugam, James F. PrestonKeywordsSourceStandards in Genomic Sciences (2012) 6:1-10.Year2012
- This work is to examine ways to chemically modify soy proteins flours and analyze the results and determine the adhesive performance. Reaction with acetic anhydride converts amine and hydroxyl groups to amides and esters, respectively that are less polar and can make the adhesive more water resistant.The succinic anhydride reacts with these same groups but the products have terminal carboxylic acid groups that can react with the polyamidoamine-epichlorohydrin (PAE) resin that is used to cross-link the soy adhesives for improving bond strength. The attenuated total reflectance infrared...AuthorsChunpeng Wang, Fuxiang Chu, Charles R. Frihart, Linda F. Lorenz, Yuzhi Xu, Nicole M. StarkKeywordsSourceAdvanced Materials Research Vols. 343-344 (2012) pp 875-881; 2012Year2012
- The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of oxygen and moisture content (MC) on the chemical and color changes of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood during heat treatment. The wood flour was conditioned to different initial MCs and heated for 24 h at a constant temperature of 120°C in either oxygen or nitrogen atmosphere. The pH values and chromaticity indexes were examined. Diffuse reflectance UV-Vis (DRUV) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra were used to characterize the changes of chromophores upon heating. The study demonstrated that the pH values decreased...AuthorsYao Chen, Yongming Fan, Jianmin Gao, Nicole M. StarkKeywordsSourceBioResources Volume 7, Number 1, 1157-1170, 2012.Year2012
- To investigate the optical properties of chemithermomechanical pulp (CTMP) from Eucalyptus camaldulensis, one group of samples of CTMP was aged by heating, and another group was first subjected to bleaching with different bleaching agents, and then aging by exposure to sunlight. Chromophores were analyzed using diffuse reflectance UV-Vis spectra (DRUV), and the brightness and color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were analyzed using colorimetry. Results showed that the color reactions of the pulp, upon heating, were enhanced in the presence of moisture. Mere was a linear relationship between the...AuthorsYao Chen, Yongming Fan, Mandla A. Tshabalala, Nicole M. Stark, Jianmin GaoKeywordsSourceBioResources 7(2), 1474-1487; 2012.Year2012
- The long-chain cellulose ester (LCCE) cellulose laurate, poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) and their blends were characterized by tensile strength, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The compatibility of the blends was investigated and the TEM results showed that PCL tended to disperse as discrete particles in LCCE. FTIR revealed that there were several specific interactions between the chains of PCL and LCCE: the interaction between C—H and O=C—, C=O· ·...AuthorsYuzhi Xu, Chunpeng Wang, Nicole M. Stark, Zhiyong Cai, Fuxiang ChuKeywordsSourceCarbohydrate Polymers, 88 (2012) 422-427Year2012
- The utilization of wheat straw as a renewable energy resource is limited due to its low bulk density. Pelletizing wheat straw into fuel pellets of high density increases its handling properties but is more challenging compared to pelletizing wood biomass. Straw has a lower lignin content and a high concentration of hydrophobic waxes on its outer surface that may limit the pellet strength. The present work studies the impact of the lignin glass transition on the pelletizing properties of wheat straw. Furthermore, the effect of surface waxes on the pelletizing process and pellet strength are...AuthorsWolfgang Stelte, Craig M. Clemons, Jens K. Holm, Jesper Ahrenfeldt, Ulrik B. Henriksen, Anand R. SanadiKeywordsSourceBioenerg. Res. (2012) 5:450-458.Year2012
- Efficient lignin depolymerization is unique to the wood decay basidiomycetes, collectively referred to as white rot fungi. Phanerochaete chrysosporium simultaneously degrades lignin and cellulose, whereas the closely related species, Ceriporiopsis subvermispora, also depolymerizes lignin but may do so with relatively little cellulose degradation. To investigate the basis for selective ligninolysis, we conducted comparative genome analysis of C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium. Genes encoding manganese peroxidase numbered 13 and five in C. subvermispora and P. chrysosporium, respectively....AuthorsFrancisco J. Ruiz-Dueñas, Patricia Ferreira, Dimitrios Floudas, David S. Hibbett, Paulo Canessa, Elena Fernandez-Fueyo, Luis F. Larrondo, Tim Y. James, Daniela Seelenfreund, Sergio Lobos, Rubén Polanco, Mario Tello, Yoichi Honda, Takahito Watanabe, Takashi Watanabe, Jae San Ryu, Christian P. Kubicek, Monika Schmoll, Jill Gaskell, Kenneth E. Hammel, Franz St. John, Amber Vanden Wymelenberg, Grzegorz Sabat, Sandra Splinter BonDurant, Khajamohiddin Syed, Jagjit S. Yadav, Harshavardhan Dodapaneni, Venkataramanan Subramanian, José L. Lavin, José A. Oguiza, Gumer Perez, Antonio G. Pisabarro, Lucia Ramirez, Francisco Santoyo, Emma Master, Pedro M. Coutinho, Bernard Henrissat, Vincent Lombard, Jon Karl Magnuson, Ursula Kües, Chiaki Hori, Kiyohiko Igarashi, Masahiro Samejima, Benjamin W. Held, Kerrie W. Barry, Kurt M. LaButti, Alla Lapidus, Erika A. Lindquist, Susan M. Lucas, Robert Riley, Asaf A. Salamov, Dirk Hoffmeister, Daniel Schwenk, Yitzhak Hadar, Oded Yarden, Ronald P. de Vries, Ad Wiebenga, Jan Stenlid, Daniel Eastwood, Igor V. Grigoriev, Randy M. Berka, Robert A. Blanchette, Phil Kersten, Angel T. Martinez, Rafael Vicuna, Daniel CullenSourcePNAS , April 3, 2012, volume 109, number 14;2012Year2012
- The durability of building joint sealants is generally assessed using a descriptive methodology involving visual inspection of exposed specimens for defects. It is widely known that this methodology has inherent limitations, including that the results are qualitative. A new test method is proposed that provides more fundamental and quantitative information about changes occurring in a sealant during durability testing. This test method utilizes a stress relaxation experiment to evaluate the non-linear viscoelastic behavior of sealants. In particular, changes in the time dependence of the...AuthorsChristopher C. White, Donald L. Hunston, Kar Tean Tan, Gregory SchuenemanKeywordsSourceJournal of ASTM International, Volume 9, Number 2; 2012Year2012
- Hollow glass microspheres were introduced into wood flour/high density polyethylene composites by melt compounding in a twin-screw extruder. The prepared composites were subsequently converted to extruded profiles in order to obtain composite sheeting. The presence of hollow glass microspheres highly reduced the density of the extruded sheets down to 0.9 g/cc, while improving its flexural modulus. The presence of hollow glass spheres further improved the visual appearance by eliminating warpage. Thermal conductivity of the sheets was reduced dow to 0.25 W/mK without significantly changing...AuthorsBaris Yalcin, Steve E Amos, Andrew S D Souza, Craig M. Clemons, I Sedat Gunes, Troy K IstaKeywordsSourceJournal of Plastic Film & Sheeting, Volume 28, Number 2, 165-180; 2012Year2012
- Supercritical fluid (SCF) N2 was used as a physical foaming agent to fabricate microcellular injection-molded poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV)–poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT)–hyperbranched-polymer (HBP)–nanoclay (NC) bionanocomposites. The effects of incorporating HBP and NC on the morphological, mechanical, and thermal properties of both solid and microcellular PHBV–PBAT blends were studied. NC exhibited intercalated structures in solid components, but showed a mixture of exfoliated and intercalated structures in the corresponding microcellular nanocomposites....AuthorsAlireza Javadi, Yottha Srithep, Craig M. Clemons, L-S. Turng, Shaoqin GongKeywordsSourceJournal of Materials Research, Volume 27, Issue 11, 2012, pp. 1506 1517; 2012.Year2012