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- The value and use of the trees removed in fuel reduction thinning and restoration treatments could be enhanced if the wood were effectively evaluated and sorted for quality and highest value before delivery to the next manufacturing destination. This article summarizes a preliminary financial feasibility analysis of a log sort yard that would serve as a log market to buy and sell small-diameter logs in western Montana. We based our evaluations on equipment for a medium-sized log sort yard that would preprocess and sort 33 million board feet of small-diameter logs per year to seven different...AuthorsHan-Sup Han, Ted Bilek, John Dramm, Dan Loeffler, Dave E. CalkinSourceWestern Journal of Applied Forestry. 26(4): 174-182.Year2011
- Transfer of technologies produced by research is critical to innovation within all organizations. The intent of this paper is to take stock of the conceptual underpinnings of technology transfer processes as they relate to wood utilization research and to identify conditions that promote the successful transfer of research results. Conceptually, research utilization can be viewed from multiple perspectives, including the haphazard diffusion of knowledge in response to vague and imprecise demands for information, scanning of multiple information sources by individuals and organizations...AuthorsPaul V. Ellefson, Michael A. Kilgore, Kenneth E. Skog, Christopher D. RisbrudtKeywordsSourceInternational journal of forestry research. Vol. 2011 (2011): 16 p.: Article ID 516135.Year2011
- Brown rot decay removes cellulose and hemicelluloses from wood, residual lignin contributing up to 30% of forest soil carbon, and is derived from an ancestral white rot saprotrophy where both lignin and cellulose are decomposed. Comparative and functional genomics of the “dry rot” fungus Serpula lacrymans, derived from forest ancestors, demonstrated that the evolution of both ectomycorrhizal biotrophy and brown rot saprotrophy were accompanied by reductions and losses in specific protein families, suggesting adaptation to an intercellular interaction with plant tissue. Transcriptome and...AuthorsDaniel C. Eastwood, Dimitrios Floudas, Manfred Binder, Andrzej Majcherczyk, Patrick Schneider, Andrea Aerts, Fred O. Asiegbu, Scott E. Baker, Kerrie Barry, Mika Bendiksby, Melanie Blumentritt, Pedro M. Coutinho, Daniel Cullen, Ronald P. de Vries, Allen Gathman, Barry Goodell, Bernard Henrissat, Katarina Ihrmark, Havard Kauserud, Annegret Kohler, Kurt LaButti, Alla Lapidus, Jose L. Lavin, Yong-Hwan Lee, Erika Lindquist, Walt Lilly, Susan Lucas, Emmanuelle Morin, Claude Murat, Jose A. Oguiza, Jongsun Park, Antonio G. Pisabarro, Robert Riley, Anna Rosling, Asaf Salamov, Olaf Schmidt, Jeremy Schmutz, Inger Skrede, Jan Stenlid, Ad Wiebenga, Xinfeng Xie, Ursula Kues, David S. Hibbett, Dirk Hoffmeister, Nils Hogberg, Francis Martin, Igor V. Grigoriev, Sarah C. WatkinsonKeywordsWood-decaying fungi, brown rot, lignocellulose, biodegradation, fungi, genetics, molecular genetics, wood biodegradation, cellulose, biodegradation, lignin, chemical reactions, microbial metabolism, wood deterioration, plant cell walls, wood chemistry, hemicellulose, genomes, genomics, Serpula lacrymans, ectomycorrhizas, mycorrhizal fungi, mycorrhizas, proteins, genetic transcription, symbiosis, decay fungi, wood decay, white rot, species differences, decomposition of wood, genetic analysis, saprotrophy, transcriptomeSourceScience. Vol. 333, no. 6043 (Aug. 5, 2011): p. 762-765.Year2011
- Fungi play important roles across the range of current and future biofuel production processes. From crop/feedstock health to plant biomass saccharification, enzyme production to bioprocesses for producing ethanol, higher alcohols, or future hydrocarbon biofuels, fungi are involved. Research and development are underway to understand the underlying biological processes and improve them to make bioenergy production efficient on an industrial scale. Genomics is the foundation of the systems biology approach that is being used to accelerate the research and development efforts across the...AuthorsIgor.V. Grigoriev, Daniel Cullen, Stephen B. Goodwin, David Hibbett, Thomas W. Jeffries, Christian P. Kubicek, Cheryl Kuske, Jon K. Magnuson, Francis Martin, Joseph W. Spatafora, Adrian Tsang, Scott E. BakerKeywordsFungi, biofuels, biotechnology, wood-decaying fungi, industrial applications, biodegradation, moleculuar genetics, genetic engineering, genomes, lignocellulose, microbial metabolism, fermentation, ethanol, sugars, biomass utilization, biomass energy, enzymes, feedstock, hydrocarbons, genomics, alcohol, biorefining, bioconversion, saccharification, biomass fuel, review articleSourceMycology. Vol. 2, no. 3 (Sept. 2011): p. 192-209.Year2011
- Terrestrial ecosystems host a complex array of interacting communities, with thousands of species of animals, plants, fungi and bacteria. In soils, this complex web of life is responsible for the cycling of carbon (C), for water and nutrients, for soil quality and for plant nutrition and health. To predict future changes of these threatened ecosystems and to fully grasp the biological and chemical workings of these complex interactions, one must not only regard organisms as individuals but also as members of a larger community, considering the interplay and communication between individuals...AuthorsF. Martin, Daniel Cullen, D. Hibbett, A. Pisabarro, J.W. Spatafora, S.E. Baker, I.V. GrigorievKeywordsSourceNew phytologist. Vol. 190, no. 4 (June 2011): p. 818-821.Year2011
- The extracellular aromatic peroxygenase of the agaric fungus Agrocybe aegerita catalyzed the H2O2-dependent cleavage of non-phenolic arylgiycerol-ß-aryl ethers (ß-O-4 ethers). For instance 1-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxy-phenoxy)propane-1,3-diol, a recalcitrant dimeric lignin model compound that represents the major non-phenolic substructure in lignin, was selectively O-demethylated at the para-methoxy group to give formaldehyde and 1-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-2-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,3-diol. The phenol moiety of the latter compound was then enzymatically oxidized into phenoxy...AuthorsMatthias Kinne, Marzena Poraj-Kobielska, Rene Ullrich, Paula Nousiainen, Jussi Sipilä, Katrin Scheibner, Kenneth E. Hammel, Martin HofrichterKeywordsWood-decaying fungi, biodegradation, oxidation, chemical reactions, enzymes, biotechnology, industrial applications, Basidiomycetes, catalysis, fungi, fungal enzymes, lignin, dimers, oxygenases, peroxidase, hydroxylation, hydrogen peroxide, ethers, formaldehyde, phenols, monomers, peroxygenase, Agrocybe aegerita, cleavage, wood decay, decay fungi, bioconversion, biorefining, lignin model compound, O-dealkylationSourceHolzforschung. Vol. 65, no. 5 (Aug. 2011): p. 673-679.Year2011
- Most plant-microbe interactions do not result in disease; natural products restrict non-host pathogens. We found that sulforaphane (4-methylsulfinylbutyl isothiocyanate), a natural product derived from aliphatic glucosinolates, inhibits growth in Arabidopsis of non-host Pseudomonas bacteria in planta. Multiple sax genes (saxCAB/F/D/G) were identified in Pseudomonas species virulent on Arabidopsis. These sax genes are required to overwhelm isothiocyanate-based defenses and facilitate a disease outcome, especially in the young leaves critical for plant survival. Introduction of saxCAB genes...AuthorsJun Fan, Casey Crooks, Gary Creissen, Lionel Hill, Shirley Fairhurst, Peter Doerner, Chris LambKeywordsPhytopathogenic bacteria, bacterial diseases of plants, pathogenic bacteria, disease susceptibility, Arabidopsis, biodegradation, bacteria, microorganisms, molecular genetics, isothiocyanates, plants, disease resistance, pest resistance, plant chemical defenses, Pseudomonas sax, resistance to decay, phytopathogenic bacteria, biocides, aliphatic isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, genetic analysisSourceScience. Vol. 331, no. 6021 (Mar. 4, 2011): p. 1185-1188.Year2011
- Xylanases of glycosyl hydrolase family 30 (GH30) have been shown to cleave β-1,4 linkages of 4-O-methylglucuronoxylan (MeGXn) as directed by the position along the xylan chain of an α-1,2-linked 4-O-methylglucuronate (MeGA) moiety. Complete hydrolysis of MeGXn by these enzymes results in singly substituted aldouronates having a 4-O-methylglucuronate moiety linked to a xylose penultimate from the reducing terminal xylose and some number of xylose residues toward the nonreducing terminus. This novel mode of action distinguishes GH30 xylanases from the more common xylanase families that...AuthorsJason C. Hurlbert, John D. Rice, James F. Preston, Edwin Pozharski, Franz St. JohnKeywordsSourceJournal of Molecular BiologyYear2011
- Corn stover that had been treated with vapor-phase diethyl oxalate released a mixture of mono-and oligosaccharides consisting mainly of xylose and glucose. Following overliming and neutralization, a D-xylulokinase mutant of Pichia stipitis, FPL-YS30 (xyl3 -Ä1), converted the stover hydrolysate into xylitol. This research examined the effects of phosphoric or gluconic acids used for neutralization and urea or ammonium sulfate used as nitrogen sources. Phosphoric acid improved color and removal of phenolic compounds. D-Gluconic acid enhanced cell growth. Ammonium sulfate increased cell yield...AuthorsRita C.L.B. Rodrigues, William R. Kenealy, Thomas W. JeffriesKeywordsCorn stover, corn residues, crop residues, agricultural wastes, utilization, chemical reactions, feedstock, biotechnology, glucose, sugars, pretreatment, biomass, oligosaccharides, fungi, biotechnology, xylitol, yeast fungi, industrial applications, phosphoric acid, urea, ammonium sulfate, nitrogen, color, phenols, fermentation, Pichia stipitis, bioconversion, biorefining, xylose, hydrolysates, diethyl oxalate, D-xylulokinase, decay fungi, gluconic acid, hemicellulosic hydrolysate, nitrogen sourceSourceJournal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology. Vol. 38, no. 10 (Oct. 2011): p. 1649-1655.Year2011
- Biomass pretreatment is essential to overcome recalcitrance of lignocellulose for ethanol production. In the present study we pretreated giant reed (Arundo donax L.), a perennial, rhizomatous lignocellulosic grass with dilute oxalic acid. The effects of temperature (170-190 ºC), acid loading (2-10% w/w) and reaction time (15-40 min) were handled as a single parameter, combined severity. We explored the change in hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin composition following pretreatment and glucan conversion after enzymatic hydrolysis of the solid residue. Two different yeast strains, Schefferso...AuthorsSalvatore L. Cosentino, Jae-Won Lee, Thomas W. Jeffries, Danilo ScordiaKeywordsOxalic acid, ethanol, fermentation, giant reed, Arundo donax, pretreatment, biomass, utilization, biomass energy, fungi, biotechnology, yeast fungi, enzymes, hemicellulose, industrial applications, cellulose, biotechnology, biodegradation, lignin, lignocellulose, sugars, temperature, Pichia stipitis, chemical reactions, glucans, hydrolysis, chemical composition, Saccharomyces carlsbergensis, cellobiose, xylose, bioconversion, biorefining, alcohol, biomass fuel, biofuels, decay fungi, xylan, fractionation, saccharificationSourceBiomass and bioenergy. Vol. 35, no. 7 (July 2011): p. 3018-3024.Year2011