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An American wood. Description of the distribution, growth, habit, wood, and wood properties of the species. Includes bibliographical references.

An American wood. Description of the distribution, growth, habit, wood, and wood properties of the species. Includes bibliographical references.

Six variations of a do-it-yourself solar collector design were constructed and exposed under stagnation conditions for 1 year; collectors were basically closed boxes without air circulation. Temperature in each collector was recorded throughout the test period and the effect of these temperatures on the wood framing and plywood in the collectors was estimated based on previous studies of effect of high temperature on properties of wood. Visual observations were also made on the wood, paint, insulation, and glazing. Temperatures in the collectors could reduce strength properties of the wood...

A reference source is provided for estimating the amount of heat energy that may be recovered using wood or bark fuel in typical furnace and boiler or hot air combustion heat recovery systems. A survey of reported data on higher heating values for various species of wood and bark fuels is provided. A set of formulas of a type commonly used by combustion technologists is also provided for estimating combustion system heat losses and net recoverable heat energy per pound of fuel as-fired, based on fuel higher heating value, moisture content, and excess air stack gas temperature, and ambient...

An assessment of available data and information describing the common carrier shipping environment was conducted. The assesment included the major shipping hazards of shock, vibration, impact, temperature, and humidity associated with the handling, transportation, and warehousing operations of typical distribution cycles. Previous environmental studies and current data are reviewed and assessed for applicability to general type cargo design and/or evaluation. The data for each hazard are summarized in a format considered most useful to packaging engineers when such data are available....

This report extensively reviews the chemistry of extractives from wood and bark of hardwoods from the eastern United States. While such extractives are not used to a great extent commercially, they may influence properties of the wood and performance of wood products. For example, extractives can protect wood from decay, add color and odor to wood, accent grain pattern, and enhance strength properties. Extractives may also inhibit setting of concrete, glues, and finishes; cause problems in papermaking; contribute to corrosion of metals in contact with wood; present health hazards, and...

Whole-tree chips deteriorate more rapidly than do clean, debarked chips and present a greater hazard for spontaneous ignition when stored in outdoor piles. To prevent ignition, the chips can be stored for only short periods of time and the frequent rotation of the storage piles results in high handling costs. Drying the chips prior to storage will prevent deterioration and heating, provided the chips are stored under cover. In many cases, the costs of drying can be recovered when the chips are burned for fuel. In these instances, drying and covered storage is the least expensive method for...

Evaluation, maintenance, and upgrading of timber structures is an area where little printed reference material exists. This paper covers the state-of-the-art on design, material properties, and construction procedures on older buildings. Some guidelines are presented on rehabilitating and upgrading timber structures, along with significant references.

This report lists 1,008 publications that include deuteromycetous and ascomycetous fungi occurring on wood--principally wood in storage and use. Each publication is numbered and indexed by the one or more manmade or natural substrates, by general subject areas, and by authors. More than 1,150 fungi in 269 genera are listed alphabetically by genus and species. An additional 66 genera are represented by unidentified species. The fungi cited are also referenced by publication number.

Bending tests of 28 untreated log stringers from 12-year-old native timber bridges in southeast Alaska showed significant reductions in strength due to decay. Compared to results on fresh logs, strength reduction was about 25 percent, and could be predicted based on the loss in section modulus due to decay. Log stiffness was not significantly affected. Results will be helpful to engineers with responsibility of rating the load capacity of bridges having untreated log stringers.