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- While monocots lack the ability to produce a vascular cambium or woody growth, some monocot lineages evolved a novel lateral meristem, the monocot cambium, which supports secondary radial growth of stems. In contrast to the vascular cambium found in woody angiosperm and gymnosperm species, the monocot cambium produces secondary vascular bundles, which have an amphivasal organization of tracheids encircling a central strand of phloem. Currently there is no information concerning the molecular genetic basis of the development or evolution of the monocot cambium. Here we report high-quality...AuthorsMatthew Zinkgraf, Suzanne Gerttula, Andrew T. GrooverKeywordsSourceJournal of Integrative Plant Biology. 59(6): 436-449Year2017
- Summary Trees modify wood formation through integration of environmental and developmental signals in complex but poorly defined transcriptional networks, allowing trees to produce woody tissues appropriate to diverse environmental conditions. In order to identify relationships among genes expressed during wood formation, we integrated data from new and publically available datasets in Populus. These datasets were generated from woody tissue and include transcriptome profiling, transcription factor binding, DNA accessibility and genome-wide association mapping experiments. Coexpression...AuthorsMatthew Zinkgraf, Lijun Liu, Andrew T. Groover, Vladimir FilkovKeywordsSourceNew Phytologist. 214(4): 1464-1478Year2017
- Winter survivorship of insects is determined by a combination of physiological, behavioral, and microhabitat characteristics. We characterized the cold tolerance of the walnut twig beetle, Pityophthorus juglandis Blackman, a domestic alien invasive bark beetle that vectors a phytopathogenic fungus. The beetle and fungus cause thousand cankers disease in species of Juglans and Pterocarya. The disease is spreading in the United States of America (USA) and Italy. Contact thermocouple thermometry was used to measure the supercooling points of adults and larvae and lower lethal temperatures of...AuthorsAndrea R. Hefty, Steve J. Seybold, Brian H. Aukema, Robert C. VenetteKeywordsSourceEnvironmental EntomologyYear2017
- Woodwasps in Sirex and related genera are well-represented in North American conifer forests, but the chemical ecology of native woodwasps is limited to a few studies demonstrating their attraction to volatile host tree compounds, primarily monoterpene hydrocarbons and monoterpene alcohols. Thus, we systematically investigated woodwasp-host chemical interactions in California’s Sierra Nevada and West Virginia’s Allegheny Mountains. We first tested common conifer monoterpene hydrocarbons and found that (−)-α-pinene, (+)-3-carene, and (−)-β-pinene were the three most attractive compounds....AuthorsNadir Erbilgin, Jack D. Stein, Robert E. Acciavatti, Nancy E. Gillette, Sylvia Mori, Kristi Bischel, Jonathan A. Cale, Carline R. Carvalho, David L. WoodKeywordsSourceJournal of Chemical EcologyYear2017
- We measured vegetation growth 5, 10, and 20 years following plantation establishment at 12 Long-term Soil Productivity installations in California’s Sierra Nevada and Southern Cascades. The combined effects of soil compaction (none, moderate, severe), organic matter removal (tree bole only, whole tree, whole tree plus forest floor), and competing vegetation control (complete: VC, none: NVC) on aboveground biomass were tested. Soils ranged from sandy loams to clay loams and were compacted (10-25% bulk density increase) prior to planting of mixed-conifer seedlings. Soil compaction resulted...AuthorsJianwei Zhang, Matt D. Busse, David H. Young, Gary Fiddler, Joseph W. Sherlock, Jeff D. TenPasKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 401: 341-353Year2017
- Trees pass through specific developmental phases as they age, including juvenile to adult, and vegetative to reproductive phases. The timing of these transitions is regulated genetically but is also highly influenced by the environment. Tree species have evolved different strategies and life histories that affect how they age – for example some pioneer species are fast growing and become sexually mature at younger ages but have shorter life spans. Trees do not have a strictly programmed senescence, and their life span is influenced by factors including challenges associated with increasing...AuthorsAndrew T. GrooverKeywordsSourceeLS. 1-7Year2017
- Functional gene approaches have been used to better understand the roles of microbes in driving forest soil nitrogen (N) cycling rates and bioavailability. Ammonia oxidation is a rate limiting step in nitrification, and is a key area for understanding environmental constraints on N availability in forests. We studied how increasing temperature affects the role of ammonia oxidizing archaea (AOA) and bacteria (AOB) in soil N cycling and availability by using a highly constrained natural mean annual temperature (MAT) elevation gradient in a tropical montane wet forest. We found that net...AuthorsS. Pierre, I. Hewson, J. P. Sparks, C. M. Litton, Christian P. Giardina, P. M. Groffman, T. J. FaheyKeywordsSourceEcologyYear2017
- Recent mountain pine beetle outbreaks in whitebark pine forests have been extensive and severe. Understanding the climate influences on these outbreaks is essential for developing management plans that account for potential future mountain pine beetle outbreaks, among other threats, and informing listing decisions under the Endangered Species Act. Prior research has focused on one geographic region, but geographic variability in beetle and tree physiological responses to climate conditions have been documented. Here we evaluate geographic variability in climate influences on recent beetle...AuthorsPolly C. Buotte, Jeffrey A. Hicke, Haiganoush K. Preisler, John T. Abatzoglou, Kenneth F. Raffa, Jesse A. LoganKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and ManagementYear2017
- Theory predicts that higher biodiversity in the tropics is maintained by specialized interactions among plants and their natural enemies that result in conspecific negative density dependence (CNDD). By using more than 3000 species and nearly 2.4 million trees across 24 forest plots worldwide, we show that global patterns in tree species diversity reflect not only stronger CNDD at tropical versus temperate latitudes but also a latitudinal shift in the relationship between CNDD and species abundance. CNDD was stronger for rare species at tropical versus temperate latitudes, potentially...AuthorsJoseph A. LaManna, Scott A. Mangan, Alfonso Alonso, Norman A. Bourg, Warren Y. Brockelman, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, Li-Wan Chang, Jyh-Min Chiang, George B. Chuyong, Keith Clay, Richard Condit, Susan Cordell, Stuart J. Davies, Tucker J. Furniss, Christian P. Giardina, I. A. U. Nimal Gunatilleke, C. V. Savitri Gunatilleke, Fangliang He, Robert W. Howe, Stephen P. Hubbell, Chang-Fu Hsieh, Faith M. Inman-Narahari, David Janík, Daniel J. Johnson, David Kenfack, Lisa Korte, Kamil Král, Andrew J. Larson, James A. Lutz, Sean M. McMahon, William J. McShea, Hervé R. Memiaghe, Anuttara Nathalang, Vojtech Novotny, Perry S. Ong, David A. Orwig, Rebecca Ostertag, Geoffrey G. Parker, Richard P. Phillips, Lawren Sack, I-Fang Sun, J. Sebastián Tello, Duncan W. Thomas, Benjamin L. Turner, Dilys M. Vela Díaz, Tomáš Vrška, George D. Weiblen, Amy Wolf, Sandra Yap, Jonathan A. MyersKeywordsSourceScienceYear2017
- Global change such as climate warming and nitrogen (N) deposition is likely to alter terrestrial carbon (C) cycling, including soil respiration (Rs), the largest CO2 source from soils to the atmosphere. To examine the effects of warming, N addition and their interactions on Rs, we conducted a two-way factorial soil warming (control, 5 °C warming) and N addition (control, 40 and 80 kg N ha−1 yr−1) mesocosm experiment in subtropical China. We measured Rs and nutrient availability. We found warming alone increased Rs by 15%, but warming plus high N addition treatment appeared to have offsettin...AuthorsXiaofei Liu, Zhijie Yang, Chengfang Lin, Christian P. Giardina, Decheng Xiong, Weisheng Lin, Shidong Chen, Chao Xu, Guangshui Chen, Jinsheng Xie, Yiqing Li, Yusheng YangKeywordsSourceAgricultural and Forest MeteorologyYear2017