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- Sudden oak death, the tree disease caused by Phytophthora ramorum, has significant environmental and economic impacts on natural forests on the U.S. west coast, plantations in the United Kingdom, and in the worldwide nursery trade. Stream baiting is vital for monitoring and early detection of the pathogen in high-risk areas and is performed routinely; however, little is known about the nature of water-borne P. ramorum populations. Two drainages in an infested California forest were monitored intensively using stream-baiting for 2 years between 2009 and 2011. Pathogen presence was determined...AuthorsCatherine Eyre, Matteo GarbelottoKeywordsSourcePhytopathology. 105(1): 57-68Year2015
- Aim The American pika (Ochotona princeps) appears to have experienced climate mediated upslope range contraction in the Great Basin of North America, but this result has not yet been extended to other portions of the pika’s range. Our goals were: first, to determine the environmental parameters that most influence current pika distribution within California; second, to infer whether these constraints explain extirpations that have occurred in California; third, to predict future extirpations; and fourth, to advance methods for assessing the degree to which pikas and other climate-sensitive...AuthorsJoseph A. E. Stewart, John D. Perrine, Lyle B. Nichols, James H. Thorne, Connie I. Millar, Kenneth E. Goehring, Cody P. Massing, David H. Wright, Brett RiddleKeywordsSourceJournal of Biogeography. 42(5): 880-890Year2015
- Unique thermal and hydrologic regimes of rock-glacier and periglacial talus environments support little-studied mountain ecosystems. We report the first studies of vascular plant and arthropod diversity for these habitats in the central Sierra Nevada, California, USA. Surfaces of active rock glaciers develop scattered islands of soil that provide habitat for vegetation. Total plant cover relative to the entire surface area of two rock glaciers was 0.2-1.7%. Vascular plant diversity was high relative to reference sites, with 16-28 species observed on 0.1-1 ha total area of soils patches on...AuthorsConnie I. Millar, Bob Westfall, Angela Evenden, Jeffrey G. Holmquist, Jutta Schmidt-Gengenbach, Rebecca S. Franklin, Jan Nachlinger, Diane L. DelanySourceQuaternary International. 387 (2015) 106-121.Year2015
- Potential shifts in rainfall driven by climate change are anticipated to affect watershed processes (e.g., soil moisture, runoff, stream flow), yet few model systems exist in the tropics to test hypotheses about how these processes may respond to these shifts. We used a sequence of nine watersheds on Hawaii Island spanning 3000 mm (7500–4500 mm) of mean annual rainfall (MAR) to investigate the effects of short-term (24-h) and long-term (MAR) rainfall on three fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) (enterococci, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli). All sample sites were in native Ohia dominated...AuthorsAyron M. Strauch, Richard A. MacKenzie, Gregory L. Bruland, Ralph Tingley, Christian P. GiardinaSourceJournal of Environmental Quality. 43(4): 1475-1483Year2014
- Global change is impacting forests worldwide, threatening biodiversity and ecosystem services including climate regulation. Understanding how forests respond is critical to forest conservation and climate protection. This review describes an international network of 59 long-term forest dynamics research sites (CTFS-ForestGEO) useful for characterizing forest responses to global change. Within very large plots (median size 25 ha), all stems ≥1 cm diameter are identified to species, mapped, and regularly recensused according to standardized protocols. CTFS-ForestGEO spans 25°S–61°N latitude,...AuthorsKristina J. Anderson-Teixeira, Stuart J. Davies, Amy C. Bennett, Erika B. Gonzalez-Akre, Helene C. Muller-Landau, S. Joseph Wright, Kamariah Abu Salim, Angélica M. Almeyda Zambrano, Alfonso Alonso, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Yves Basset, Norman A. Bourg, Eben N. Broadbent, Warren Y. Brockelman, Sarayudh Bunyavejchewin, David F. R. P. Burslem, Nathalie Butt, Min Cao, Dairon Cardenas, George B. Chuyong, Keith Clay, Susan Cordell, Handanakere S. Dattaraja, Xiaobao Deng, Matteo Detto, Xiaojun Du, Alvaro Duque, David L. Erikson, Corneille E.N. Ewango, Gunter A. Fischer, Christine Fletcher, Robin B. Foster, Christian P. Giardina, Gregory S. Gilbert, Nimal Gunatilleke, Savitri Gunatilleke, Zhanqing Hao, William Hargrove, Terese B. Hart, Billy C.H. Hau, Fangliang He, Forrest M. Hoffman, Robert W. Howe, Stephen P. Hubbell, Faith M. Inman-Narahari, Patrick A. Jansen, Mingxi Jiang, Daniel Johnson, Mamoru Kanzaki, Abdul Rahman Kassim, David Kenfack, Staline Kibet, Margaret F. Kinnaird, Lisa Korte, Kamil Kral, Jitendra Kumar, Andrew J. Larson, Yide Li, Xiankun Li, Shirong Liu, Shawn K.Y. Lum, James A. Lutz, Keping Ma, Damian M. Maddalena, Jean-Remy Makana, Yadvinder Malhi, Toby Marthews, Rafizah Mat Serudin, Sean M. McMahon, William J. McShea, Hervé R. Memiaghe, Xiangcheng Mi, Takashi Mizuno, Michael Morecroft, Jonathan A. Myers, Vojtech Novotny, Alexandre A. de Oliveira, Perry S. Ong, David A. Orwig, Rebecca Ostertag, Jan den Ouden, Geoffrey G. Parker, Richard P. Phillips, Lawren Sack, Moses N. Sainge, Weiguo Sang, Kriangsak Sri-ngernyuang, Raman Sukumar, I-Fang Sun, Witchaphart Sungpalee, Hebbalalu Sathyanarayana Suresh, Sylvester Tan, Sean C. Thomas, Duncan W. Thomas, Jill Thompson, Benjamin L. Turner, Maria Uriarte, Renato Valencia, Marta I. Vallejo, Alberto Vicentini, Tomáš Vrška, Xihua Wang, Xugao Wang, George Weiblen, Amy Wolf, Han Xu, Sandra Yap, Jess ZimmermanKeywordsSourceGlobal Change Biology. 21(2): 528-549Year2014
- Hawaiian lowland wet forests are heavily invaded and their restoration is most likely to be successful if native species selected for restoration have efficient resource-use traits. We evaluated growth, survival, and ecophysiological responses of four native and four invasive species in a greenhouse experiment that simulated reduced light and water conditions commonly found in invaded field conditions. Our results show that light is a more important limiting resource than water for all species. Specifically, values for photosynthesis, light compensation point, light saturation point,...AuthorsJodie R. Schulten, T. Colleen Cole, Susan Cordell, Keiko M. Publico, Rebecca Ostertag, Jaime E. Enoka, Jené D. MichaudSourcePacific Science 68(2): 267-285Year2014
- While the supply of freshwater is expected to decline in many regions in the coming decades, invasive plant species, often 'high water spenders', are greatly expanding their ranges worldwide. In this study, we quantified the ecohydrological differences between native and invasive trees and also the effects of woody invasive removal on plot-level water use in a heavily invaded mono-dominant lowland wet tropical forest on the Island of Hawaii. We measured transpiration rates of co-occurring native and invasive tree species with and without woody invasive removal treatments. Twenty native...AuthorsM.A. Cavaleri, R. Ostertag, Susan Cordell, L. and SackKeywordsSourceConservation Physiology. 2: 1-14Year2014
- A team of scientists integrated recent research to inform forest managers, stakeholders, and interested parties concerned with promoting socioecological resilience in the Sierra Nevada, southern Cascade Range, and Modoc Plateau. Among the focal topics were forest and fire ecology; soils; aquatic ecosystems; forest carnivores including Pacific fisher, marten, and California spotted owl; air quality; and the social, economic, and cultural components of socioecological systems. The synthesis adopted a holistic perspective by focusing on issues that cross scientific disciplines and considering...AuthorsJonathan W. Long, Lenya Quinn-Davidson, Carl N. SkinnerKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-247. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 723 pYear2014
- Within minutes after emission, rapid, complex photochemistry within a biomass burning smoke plume can cause large changes in the concentrations of ozone (O3) and organic aerosol (OA). Being able to understand and simulate this rapid chemical evolution under 5 a wide variety of conditions is a critical part of forecasting the impact of these fires on air quality, atmospheric composition, and climate. Here we use version 2.1 of the Aerosol Simulation Program (ASP) to simulate the evolution of O3 and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) within a young biomass burning smoke plume from the Williams...AuthorsM. J. Alvarado, C. R. Lonsdale, R. J. Yokelson, S. K. Akagi, I. R. Burling, H. Coe, J. S. Craven, E. Fischer, G. R. McMeeking, J. H. Seinfeld, T. Soni, J. W. Taylor, David R. Weise, Cyle E. WoldSourceAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions. 14(23): 32427-32489Year2014
- Comparative and evolutionary genomic approaches can identify genes regulating biological processes, and describe how those genes have been modified through speciation to produce phenotypic variation. These approaches have the potential to address fundamental issues of forest biology, including the regulation of biological traits important to industry and conservation, but have not been widely applied because of technical limitations. Here, we argue that powerful "next generation" DNA sequencing technologies now make comparative and evolutionary genomic approaches not only tractable for...AuthorsAndrew T. Groover, Stefan JanssonKeywordsSourceChallenges and Opportunities for the World's Forests in the 21st CenturyYear2014