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- Increasing drought pressure under anthropogenic climate change may jeopardize the potential of tropical forests to capture carbon in woody biomass and act as a long-term carbon dioxide sink. To evaluate this risk, we assessed drought impacts in 483 tree-ring chronologies from across the tropics and found an overall modest stem growth decline (2.5% with a 95% confidence interval of 2.2 to 2.7%) during the 10% driest years since 1930. Stem growth declines exceeded 10% in 25% of cases and were larger at hotter and drier sites and for gymnosperms compared with angiosperms. Growth declines...AuthorsMarcelo Callegari Scipioni, Paul R. Sheppard, Lucas C.R. Silva, Franziska Slotta, Leroy Soria-Díaz, Luciana K.V.S. Sousa, James H. Speer, Matthew D. Therrell, Ginette Ticse-Otarola, Mario Tomazello-Filho, Max C.A. Torbenson, Pantana Tor-Ngern, Ramzi Touchan, Jan Van den Bulcke, Lorenzo Vázquez-Selem, Adín H. Velázquez-Pérez, Alejandro Venegas-González, Ricardo Villalba, Jose Villanueva-Diaz, Mart Vlam, George Vourlitis, Christian Wehenkel, Tommy Wils, Erika S. Zavaleta, Eshetu Asfaw Zewdu, Yong-Jiang Zhang, Zhe-Kun Zhou, Flurin Babst, Pieter A. Zuidema, Peter Groenendijk, Mizanur Rahman, Valerie Trouet, Abrham Abiyu, Rodolfo Acuña-Soto, Eduardo Adenesky-Filho, Raquel Alfaro-Sánchez, Claudio Roberto Anholetto, José Roberto Vieira Aragão, Gabriel Assis-Pereira, Claudia C. Astudillo-Sánchez, Ana Carolina Barbosa, Giovanna Battipaglia, Hans Beeckman, Paulo Cesar Botosso, Nils Bourland, Achim Bräuning, Roel Brienen, Matthew Brookhouse, Supaporn Buajan, Brendan M. Buckley, J. Julio Camarero, Artemio Carrillo-Parra, Gregório Ceccantini, Librado R. Centeno-Erguera, Julián Cerano-Paredes, Rosalinda Cervantes-Martínez, Wirong Chanthorn, Ya-Jun Chen, Bruno Barçante Ladvocat Cintra, Eladio Heriberto Cornejo-Oviedo, Otoniel Cortés-Cortés, Clayane Matos Costa, Camille Couralet, Doris Bianca Crispín-De-La-Cruz, Rosanne D’arrigo, Diego A. David, Maaike De Ridder, Jorge Ignacio Del Valle, Mário Dobner, Jean-Louis Doucet, Oliver Dünisch, Brian J. Enquist, Karin Esemann-Quadros, Gerardo Esquivel-Arriaga, Ze-Xin Fan, Adeline Fayolle, Tatiele Anete Bergamo Fenilli, M. Eugenia Ferrero, Esther Fichtler, Patrick M. Finnegan, Claudia Fontana, Kainana S. Francisco, Pei-Li Fu, Franklin Galvão, Aster Gebrekirstos, Jorge A. Giraldo, Emanuel Gloor, Milena Godoy-Veiga, Daniela Granato-Souza, Anthony Guerra, Kristof Haneca, Grant Logan Harley, Ingo Heinrich, Gerhard Helle, Bruna Hornink, Wannes Hubau, Janet G. Inga, Mahmuda Islam, Yu-Mei Jiang, Mark Kaib, Zakia Hassan Khamisi, Marcin Koprowski, Eva Layme, A. Joshua Leffler, Gauthier Ligot, Claudio Sergio Lisi, Neil J. Loader, Francisco De Almeida Lobo, Giuliano Maselli Locosselli, Tomaz Longhi-Santos, Lidio Lopez, María I López-Hernández, José Luís Penetra Cerveira Lousada, Rubén D. Manzanedo, Amanda K. Marcon, Justin T. Maxwell, Omar N. Mendoza-Villa, Ítallo Romany Nunes Menezes, Mulugeta Mokria, Valdinez Ribeiro Montóia, Eddy Moors, Miyer Moreno, Miguel Angel Muñiz-Castro, Cristina Nabais, Anuttara Nathalang, Justine Ngoma, Francisco De Carvalho Nogueira, Juliano Morales Oliveira, Gabriela Morais Olmedo, Daigard Ricardo Ortega-Rodriguez, Carmen Eugenia Rodríguez Ortíz, Mariana Alves Pagotto, Shankar Panthi, Kathelyn Paredes-Villanueva, Gonzalo Pérez-de-Lis, Laura Patricia Ponce Calderón, Leif Armando Portal-Cahuana, Darwin Alexander Pucha-Cofrep, Nathsuda Pumijumnong, Paulo Quadri, Jorge Andrés Ramírez, Edilson Jimmy Requena-Rojas, Judith Reyes-Flores, Adauto de Souza Ribeiro, Iain Robertson, Fidel Alejandro Roig, José Guilherme Roquette, Ernesto Alonso Rubio-Camacho, Raúl Sánchez-Salguero, Ute Sass-Klaassen, Jochen SchöngartSourceScience. 389(6759): 532-538.Year2025
- In the western US, restoring forests to historical, fire-adapted conditions can reduce fire risk, but most fire-adapted restoration targets in California focus on the western slope of the Sierra Nevada mountain range. By comparison, Eastern Sierra Jeffrey pine forests experience distinct climate and growing conditions, and both their historical structure and the effects of fire suppression are different from those of their west-side counterparts. In this study, our goals were (1) to use spatially-explicit forest reconstruction methods to estimate the historical, fire-adapted structure of...AuthorsPaige V Kouba, Andrew M. Latimer, Derek J.N. Young, Maxwell Odkins, Dawson M. Bell, Ian R. Clark, Malcolm P. NorthKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 595: 123010Year2025
- Using morphological assessments and phylogenetic inference, we described a new subterranean termite species in the genus Reticulitermesin southern California: Reticulitermes rustisp. nov. Genetic analyses utilizing 3 mitochondrial loci (16S rRNA, COI, and COII) and 7 microsatellites successfully distinguished the new species from 2 other Reticulitermesfound in southern California: R. hesperusBanks and R. tibialisBanks. Empirical measurements of key morphological characters further support the delineation of R. rustias a new species. While R. rustiis genetically closer to R. tibialis, its...AuthorsJoanne Tzu-Chia Chen, Lori Nelson, Paul Rugman-Jones, Shu-Ping Tseng, Andrew Sutherland, Dong-Hwan Choe, Michael Haverty, Chow-Yang Lee, Kathleen Walker, Christian P. GiardinaKeywordsSourceAnnals of the Entomological Society of America. 118(4): 315-330.Year2025
- In the rapidly changing dynamics of urbanization, urban forests offer numerous benefits to city dwellers. However, the information available on these resources is often outdated or non-existent, leading in part to inequitable access to these benefits for the population. Access to equitable and just green spaces is a challenge for local governments, allowing the city’s inhabitants to enjoy a healthy environment. In this context, remote sensing serves as a powerful data source that enables the monitoring of the evolution and dynamics of cities over time, as well as changes in urban forests....AuthorsLuisa Velasquez-Camacho, Natalie S. van Doorn, Haiganoush Preisler, Maddi Etxegarai, Oriol Alas, Jose M. Gonzalez Castro, Sergio de-MiguelSourcePLoS One 20(6): e0326562.Year2025
- Tree species are often locally adapted to their environments, but the extent to which environmental adaptation contributes to incipient speciation is unclear. One of the rarest pines in the world, Torrey pine (Pinus torreyanaParry), persists naturally across one island and one mainland population in southern California. The two populations are morphologically and genetically differentiated but experience some connectivity, making it an ideal system for assessing the evolution of reproductive isolation. Previous work has found evidence of heterosis in F1 mainland-island hybrids, suggesting...AuthorsLionel N. Di Santo, Alayna Mead, Jessica W. Wright, Jill A. HamiltonKeywordsSourceEvolutionary Applications. 18: e70094.Year2025
- Climate, forest successional stage, and soil substrate age can alter herbivore communities and their effects on biogeochemical cycling, but the size and spatial variability of these effects are poorly quantified. To address this knowledge gap, we established a globally distributed network of 50 broadleaved old-growth forests across six continents, encompassing well-constrained local-scale gradients in mean annual temperature (MAT), mean annual precipitation (MAP), succession, and soil substrate age. We used this network to investigate how these variables impact insect foliar herbivory and...AuthorsBernice C. Hwang, Christian P. Giardina, M. Noelia Barrios-Garcia, Haoyu Diao, Virginia Gisela Duboscq-Carra, Andreas Hemp, Claudia Hemp, Mylthon Jiménez-Castillo, Paulina Lobos-Catalán, Levan Mumladze, Ana C. Palma, Ion Catalin Petritan, Mariano A. Rodriguez-Cabal, Tommi Andersson, Kainana S. Francisco, Shelley A. Gage, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Seana K. Walsh, Daniel B. MetcalfeSourceGlobal Biogeochemical Cycles. 39: e2024GB008367.Year2025
- Spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis(Kirby)) is a major cause of spruce (Picea spp.) mortality in western North America. We synthesized the literature on the chemical ecology of spruce beetle, focusing on efforts to reduce host tree losses. This literature dates back to the mid-20th century and focuses on spruce beetle populations in Alaska, U.S., western Canada, and the central and southern Rocky Mountains, U.S. Spruce beetle aggregation pheromone components include frontalin (1,5-dimethyl-6,8-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octane), seudenol (3-methyl-2-cyclohexen-1-ol), MCOL (1-methyl-2-cyclohexen-...AuthorsChristopher J. Fettig, Jackson P. Audley, Allen Steven. MunsonKeywordsSourceForests. 16(7): 1103.Year2025
- 1. Modern ecological management problems are characterized by large scales, rapid environmental change, multiple stressors and conflicts between local and global conservation objectives. These problems are too complex to address with field studies alone, and statistical models that assume past system behaviours can predict future responses are risky when systems are changing rapidly. Mechanistic simulation models, though, can avoid that assumption while accommodating important natural complexities. 2. Making mechanistic models credible requires empirical studies, but traditional study...AuthorsSteven F. Railsback, Cara A. Gallagher, Volker Grimm, Matthew A. McCary, Bret C. HarveySourceMethods in Ecology and EvolutionYear2025
- Forest stocking guidelines traditionally reference self-thinning lines representing the tradeoff between maximum trees per unit area vs. maximum mean tree size for even-aged stands. While self-thinning lines are roughly linear on logarithmic scales, certain forest types display a curvilinear “mature stand boundary” (MSB). The existence of the MSB suggests that beyond self-thinning, processes such as recruitment limitation, density-independent mortality, and their interactions with site quality may also contribute to a more universal maximum size-density boundary (MSDB). To advance forest...AuthorsChristopher Looney, John D. ShawKeywordsSourceFrontiers in Forests and Global Change. 8: 317.Year2025
- 1 - Resource managers are interested in whether thinning second-growth forests may be a viable restoration strategy for stream and riparian habitats, but may be concerned about the potential impacts that increases in stream temperature associated with riparian thinning treatments may have on cold-water salmonid fishes. 2 - We evaluated the effects of riparian forest thinning on resident populations of coastal cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii clarkii) in coastal northern California catchments using a manipulative field experiment with a replicated before-after-control-impact design...AuthorsDavid A. Roon, Jason B. Dunham, Joseph R. Benjamin, Bret C. Harvey, J. Ryan. BellmoreKeywordsSourceFreshwater Biology. 70(5): e70040.Year2025