Treesearch

Even bitterly disputed management issues can be tempered or eliminated. Agency outreach efforts in conjunction with the media, working groups, effected interests, field trips, and "open house" social events can result in unified management efforts. In addition, distortions or misconceptions can be clarified. Recurrent efforts are required to build good working relationships among varied interest groups.

Benefits-based management is an approach to park and recreation management that focuses on the positive outcomes of engaging in recreational experiences. Because one class of possible benefits accrue to the community, a philosophical framework is discussed suggesting that communities are themselves the primary sources, generators, and repositories of knowledge. Communities are valuable sources of information about their own needs, and are important players in benefits-based management. A strategy is described to provide an overview of the needs of two communities within the city of...

Effects of season-long, deferred-rotation, and rest-rotation grazing, on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedling growth and herbaceous vegetation control were studied in regeneration sites at Boyd Hill, Modoc National Forest, California. Seedlings were planted in 1989. Pine seedling survival and damage did not differ, but the seedlings were significantly taller, with longer leaders with season-long grazing than without grazing. Treatment comparisons for plant group and non-plant percent cover differed only for litter and bare soil, but cover and composition of bottlebrush...

The status of the American marten (Martes americana), fisher (Martes pennanti), lynx (Lynx canadensis), and wolverine (Gulo gulo) is of increasing concern to managers and conservationists in much of the western United States. Because these species are protected throughout much of their range in the west, information on population status and trends is unavailable from trapping records. This report describes methods to detect the four species using either remote photography, track plates, or snow tracking. A strategy for systematic sampling and advice on the number of devices used, their...

Forty-eight openings of 30, 60, and 90 feet in diameter were created in previously unmanaged mixed conifer-hardwood stands on a high-quality site in northern California in 1963. They were an attempt to convert an essentially even-aged forest to an uneven-aged arrangement and comprised the initial cut in the group-selection system. Five conifers and three hardwoods produced 36 seed crops that ranged from very light to heavy during the 10-year study period (1964-1973). Sound seed for four conifer species combined (not sugar pine) for 10 years amounted to the equivalent of more than 302,900...

Young California black oak (Quercus kelloggii Newb.) stands usually require thinning to increase production of acorns and wood products, but epicormic branches, which yield no acorns and constitute a serious lumber degrade. often result. A crown thinning in 60-year-old hardwood stands on a south exposure at the Challenge Experimental Forest in thenorthern Sierra Nevada of California created basal areas that ranged from 20 to 35 m2 per ha. Trees in a control and bordering small openings expanded the basal area range. In 1976 or 6 to 9 years after thinning, 2069 living and dead epicormic...

Abstract - In 1987, a 0.83-ha zero-order swale was instrumented with 58 pierometers and 25 tensiometers along several hillslope transects. Through 1993, soil moisture conditions were measured by pressure transducers connected to a digital data logger recording at 15-minute intervals. In August 1989, the 100-year-old second-growth forest in the swale was felled. Logs were removed by cable yarding and heavy logging equipment was excluded from the hillslopes. Increases in peak piezometric levels and soil moisture were observed following logging. In the shallower, unsaturated portion of the...

Abstract - Small Pacific northwestern coastal streams are nurseries for populations of young of the year coho salmon, steelhead trout, and the Pacific giant salamander larvae. Previous field studies suggest that the habitats of the juveniles of these species were similar to one another. Few habitat utilization studies focus on the juvenile stages of these species despite their important roles in northwestern coastal stream systems. To investigate species distributions and their habitat uses, I compared species density in different habitat types, measuring average species density found...

We propose a new model to predict the spatial and temporal behavior of wildfires. Fire spread and intensity were simulated using a cellular automaton model. Monte Carlo techniques were used to provide fire risk probabilities for areas where fuel loadings and topography are known. The model assumes predetermined or measurable environmental variables such as wind direction and magnitude, relative humidity, fuel moisture content, and air temperature. Implementation of the model allows the linking of fire monitoring using remotely sensed data, potentially in real time, to rapid simulations of...