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- One of the first tasks in restoration planning is determining the appropriate native plant species and associated quantities. Species with the greatest prevalence at the restoration site, collectability, heat, sunlight and disturbance tolerance, germination and reproduction rate, large growth habit, soil retention qualities, nitrogen fixation, wildlife habitat value, and weed competitiveness were the main traits considered and desired. After this analysis is completed, a listing of on average twenty different species is generated, along with seeding or planting rates per acre for each...AuthorsKatie VinZantSourceProceedings of the chaparral restoration workshop, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-265. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 85-91Year2019
- Increased fire frequency, livestock grazing, and other disturbances have converted many chaparral stands in southern California to non-native annual grassland. Competition from annual grasses interferes with the establishment of chaparral shrubs, presenting a challenge to restoring chaparral in type-converted areas. In this study we examined the feasibility of restoring chaparral by exploring several methods of restoration on type-converted slopes in San Timoteo Canyon, Riverside County, California. We assessed the effectiveness of a broad-spectrum herbicide (glyphosate) and a grass-specifi...AuthorsMegan D. Engel, Kimberlyn Williams, Christopher J. McDonald, Jan L. BeyersKeywordsSourceProceedings of the chaparral restoration workshop, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-265. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 37-49Year2019
- Following the 1960 Johnstone wildfire, some areas on the San Dimas Experimental Forest, CA were type-converted from native chaparral to non-native grasses. In 2002, the Williams fire re-burned much of the same area. In 2012, vegetation was measured to document post-fire chaparral recruitment and recovery in the presence and absence of these previous typeconversions. Six 1-3 ha (2.5-7.5 ac) watersheds were studied: three type-converted and three native chaparral. Of 59 plant species identified, 49 were native. Mean cover values for subshrubs and grass were significantly greater in type-conve...AuthorsBonni M. Corcoran, Marcia G. Narog, Peter M. WohlgemuthKeywordsSourceProceedings of the chaparral restoration workshop, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-265. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 19-35Year2019
- Coastal sage scrub (CSS) is one of the most endangered ecosystem-types in California and is undergoing extensive restoration efforts. Major threats to CSS include agriculture and urban development, fragmentation, invasive species, frequent fire, and high levels of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) deposition that increases exotic species productivity, further increasing fuel for fire. In this review we compare a range of techniques that have been used with varying success to restore CSS, using examples from published and unpublished sources. Techniques that treat large scales and reduce the...AuthorsEdith B. Allen, Christopher McDonald, Bridget E. HilbigKeywordsSourceProceedings of the chaparral restoration workshop, California. Gen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-265. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 1-18Year2019
- Controlling competing vegetation is vital for early plantation establishment and growth. Aboveground biomass (AGB) response to manual grubbing release from shrub competition was compared with no release control in a twelve-year-old ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson) plantation established after a wildfire in northeastern California. In addition, response to chemical release followed by precommercial thinning in an adjacent plantation was also examined as a growth potential from a more intensively managed regime, where shrub competition was virtually eliminated. We measured...AuthorsMartin Ritchie, Jianwei Zhang, Ethan HammettKeywordsSourceForests. 10(9): 795Year2019
- Forest Landscape Restoration (FLR) is a planned process that aims to regain socio-cultural and ecological integrity to enhance human well-being and ecological processes in deforested or degraded landscapes. FLR demonstrates the value of an integrated and interdisciplinary approach to assist the recovery of landscapes and inclusive of socio-ecological systems. The consideration of diverse knowledge systems in FLR embraces many aspects of knowing the landscape, including Traditional or Indigenous Knowledge and Western or International Knowledge systems. Knowledge systems represent much more...AuthorsFrank K. Lake, Christian P. Giardina, John A. Parrotta, Iain Davidson-HuntSourceMountain Views Chronicles of the Consortium for Integrated Climate Research in Western Mountains (CIRMOUNT). 13(1): 25-27.Year2019
- The objectives of this white paper are to describe the state of the science with respect to total Nr deposition budgets in the United States and the research needed to improve these budgets from both measurement and modeling perspectives. The document is intended to serve as a plan for TDep research activities but also, more broadly, to provide program managers, natural resource managers, policy makers and scientists with an understanding of (1) the need for complete and accurate Nr deposition budgets to protect ecosystem health and human welfare, and (2) the linkages between the underlying...AuthorsJ.T. Walker, G.M. Beachley, H.M. Amos, J.S. Baron, J. Bash, R. Baumgardner, M.D. Bell, K.B. Benedict, X. Chen, D.W. Clow, A. Cole, J.G. Coughlin, K. Cruz, R.W. Daly, S.M. Decina, E.M. Elliott, Mark E. Fenn, L. Ganzeveld, K. Gebhart, S.S. Isil, B.M. Kerschner, R.S. Larson, T. Lavery, G.G. Lear, T. Macy, M.A. Mast, K. Mishoe, K.H. Morris, Pamela E. Padgett, R.V. Pouyat, M. Puchalski, H.O.T. Pye, A.W. Rea, M.F. Rhodes, C.M. Rogers, R. Saylor, R. Scheffe, B.A. Schichtel, D.B. Schwede, G.A. Sexstone, B.C. Sive, P.H. Templer, T. Thompson, D. Tong, G.A. Wetherbee, T.H. Whitlow, Z. Wu, Z. Yu, L. ZhangKeywordsSourceEPA Report EPA 601/R-19/001Year2019
- Climate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns worldwide, which will affect streamflow in riverine ecosystems. It is vital to understand the impacts of projected flow variations, especially in tropical regions where the effects of climate change are expected to be one of the earliest to emerge. Space‐for‐time substitutions have been successful at predicting effects of climate change in terrestrial systems by using a spatial gradient to mimic the projected temporal change. However, concerns have been raised that the spatial variability in these models might not reflect the...AuthorsTherese C. Frauendorf, Richard A. MacKenzie, Ralph W. Tingley, Abby G. Frazier, Michael H. Riney, Rana W. El‐SabaawiKeywordsSourceGlobal Change Biology. 25(4): 1344-1357Year2019
- Fine and coarse woody debris (WD), or woody necromass, serves a multitude of functions in forests including: essential habitat for countless vertebrate, arthropod and microbial species; substrate for regenerating plants, for example as nurse logs; a dominant carbon source for heterotrophs; and both a sink and source for essential nutrients (Harmon et al. 1986; Palace et al. 2012). Further, as WD decomposes, resulting fragments and microbial byproducts of the decay process provide a major source of organic matter for soils (Magnússon et al. 2016). Finally, WD can account for up to 20% of...AuthorsChristian P. GiardinaKeywordsSourceEcosystems. 22(6): 1173-1175Year2019
- Rainfall interception and other hydrologic processes affected by the forest litter layer are usually related to litter characteristics and rainfall conditions, with limited studies that consider the influence of slope. To simulate the hydrological functions of the litter layer at different slope gradients, artificial rainfall experiments were conducted at four rainfall intensities (from 30 to 120 mm hr−1) in horizontal and inclined trays (with the slope of 0°, 10°, 20° and 30°) with litter of Pinus tabuliformis or Quercus variabilis. The results indicated that (1) the dynamic process of...AuthorsJie Du, Jianzhi Niu, Zhaoliang Gao, Xiongwen Chen, Linus Zhang, Xiang Li, Natalie S. van Doorn, Ziteng Luo, Zhijun ZhuKeywordsSourceCATENAYear2019