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Describes how to use the Event Monitor to dynamically invoke management activities in the Prognosis Model for Stand Development. The program accepts statements of conditions -- expressed as logical expressions of stand-state variables -- to be met and sets of activities to be simulated when the conditions are met. The combination of a condition and a set of activities is considered a rule of stand management. Several rules may be used to define a stand management policies. Replaces General Technical Report INT-196 (Crookston 1985); retains most features of the Event Monitor, provides...

This report describes RMRATE, a computer program for analyzing rating judgments. RMRATE scales ratings using several scaling procedures, and compares the resulting scale values. The scaling procedures include the median and simple mean, standardized values, scale values based on Thurstone's Law of Categorical Judgment, and regression-based values. RMRATE also computes reliability statistics and analyzes the ratings using principal component analysis techniques to assess variation among judges. RMRATE should be useful to practitioners needing to summarize or analyze rating data, and to...

The process of selecting trailheads and campsites is described for visitors to the Bob Marshall Wilderness complex in Montana. Factors influencing decisions by different types of visitors are analyzed. Implications, particularly for information and education programs, are presented.

“Social conditions in wilderness” refers to all aspects of human use of the wilderness that pose the possibility of impact to the resource and visitor experiences. The reasons for monitoring (1) use levels and use trends (including characteristics of use and users) and (2) the quality of the recreation experiences provided (ability to provide naturalness, privacy, and solitude, with a lack of conflict) are discussed.

The Analysis of the Outdoor Recreation and Wilderness Situation in the United States is intended to build upon past studies and to establish a new and better information base on outdoor recreation and wilderness demand and supply. Also, this assessment answers several key questions which will help identify ways to meet demand through the year 2040. Specifically, it is to serve as the foundation for the Forest Service’s development of a 50-year program through which that agency can help satisfy the nation’s outdoor recreation and wilderness needs.

Fifth-year analyses of Great Plains Juniperus seed sources indicate eastern redcedar should be collected in east-central Nebraska for use throughout the Great Plains; Rocky Mountain juniper seed should be collected from northwest Nebraska, or central Montana, for planting southward through the Great Plains into west-central Kansas west of the 100th meridian.

Seven principles, derived from research on wilderness campsites, are proposed: (1) campsite impacts are complex; (2) impact is inevitable with repetitive use of campsites; (3) impact occurs rapidly, recovery occurs slowly; (4) the relationship between use and impact is asymptotic; (5) certain sites are more durable than others; (6) certain users cause less impact than others; and (7) campsite monitoring data are critical to professional management. Each principle is illustrated by example and the implications of each for campsite management are explored.

Capability to represent effects of fertilization has been added to the Prognosis Model for Stand Development. As implemented in version 6, the extension is calibrated only for applications of 200 lb nitrogen applied in the form of urea. Direct and indirect effects are based on growth 10 years after treatment for diameter effects, and 6 years after treatment for height effects. Mortality is not affected in the model. After 10 years, only indirect effects are represented through the normal dynamics of the Prognosis Model. Control of timing is provided through a keyword, the parameters of...

Mortality of nontarget small mammals was determined after application of three black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys Zudovicianus) rodenticide treatments (prebaited zinc phosphide, prebaited strychnine, and strychnine alone) in western South Dakota. Immediate (September 1983) and long-term (September 1983 through August 1984) impacts on deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) relative densities were evaluated, and the three rodenticide treatments were compared for efficacy. The three treatments had no significant (a < .l0) immediate impacts on deer mouse relative densities, although zinc phosphide...

Three rodenticide treatments, zinc phosphide with prebait, strychnine with prebait, and strychnine without prebait, were applied to black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies in west central South Dakota. Results were compared immediately posttreatment and for one year after application. Zinc phosphide was the most effective for reducing prairie dog numbers immediately. When burrow activity levels of prairie dogs were initially reduced by 45% with strychnine only, they returned to untreated levels within ten months. When initial reductions were 95% with zinc phosphide,...