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- The onset of the global pandemic in 2020 significantly increased the complexity and uncertainty of wildfire incident response in the United States, and there was a clear role for decision support to inform and enhance coordination and communication efforts. Epidemiological modeling suggested the risk of COVID-19 outbreak at a traditional large fire camp could be substantial and supported the broadscale implementation of mitigations, and management of COVID-19 required expanding the response network to interface with entities such as local public health agencies, hospitals, and emergency...AuthorsMatthew P. Thompson, Erin J. Belval, Jake Dilliott, Jude BayhamKeywordsSourceFrontiers in Forests and Global ChangeYear2021
- Maximizing the effectiveness of fuel treatments at the landscape scale is a key research and management need given the inability to treat all areas at risk from wildfire, and there is a growing body of scientific literature assessing this need. We synthesized existing scientific literature on landscape-scale fuel treatment effectiveness in North American ecosystems through a systematic literature review. We identified 127 studies that addressed this topic using one of three approaches: simulation modeling, empirical analysis, or case studies. Of these 127 studies, most focused on forested...AuthorsTerrie B. Jain, Ilana Abrahamson, Nathaniel Anderson, Sharon M. Hood, Brice Hanberry, Francis F. Kilkenny, Shawn McKinney, Jeffrey E. Ott, Alexandra K. Urza, Jeanne C. Chambers, Michael A. Battaglia, J. Morgan Varner, Joseph J. O'BrienKeywordsSourceJFSP PROJECT ID: 19-S-01-2. Boise, ID: Joint Fire Sciences Program. 65 p.Year2021
- It is a critical time to reflect on the National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) science to date as well as envision what research can be done right now with NEON (and other) data and what training is needed to enable a diverse user community. NEON became fully operational in May 2019 and has pivoted from planning and construction to operation and maintenance. In this overview, the history of and foundational thinking around NEON are discussed. A framework of open science is described with a discussion of how NEON can be situated as part of a larger data constellation - across...AuthorsAnika P. Staccone, Kaitlin Stack Whitney, Diane M. Stanitski, Eva Stricker, Thilina D. Surasinghe, Sarah K. Thomsen, Patrisse M. Vasek, Li Xiaolu, Di Yang, Rong Yu, Kelsey M. Yule, Kai Zhu, R. Chelsea Nagy, Jennifer K. Balch, Erin K. Bissell, Megan E. Cattau, Nancy F. Glenn, Benjamin S. Halpern, Nayani Ilangakoon, Brian Johnson, Maxwell B. Joseph, Sergio Marconi, Catherine O’Riordan, James Sanovia, Tyson L. Swetnam, William R. Travis, Leah A. Wasser, Elizabeth Woolner, Phoebe Zarnetske, Mujahid Abdulrahim, John Adler, Grenville Barnes, Kristina J. Bartowitz, Rachael E. Blake, Sara P. Bombaci, Julien Brun, Jacob D. Buchanan, K. Dana Chadwick, Melissa S. Chapman, Steven S. Chong, Y. Anny Chung, Jessica R. Corman, Jannelle Couret, Erika Crispo, Thomas G. Doak, Alison Donnelly, Katharyn A. Duffy, Kelly H. Dunning, Sandra M. Duran, Jennifer W. Edmonds, Dawson E. Fairbanks, Andrew J. Felton, Christopher R. Florian, Daniel Gann, Martha Gebhardt, Nathan S. Gill, Wendy K. Gram, Jessica S. Guo, Brian J. Harvey, Katherine R. Hayes, Matthew R. Helmus, Robert T. Hensley, Kelly L. Hondula, Tao Huang, Wiley J. Hundertmark, Virginia Iglesias, Pierre-Andre Jacinthe, Lara S. Jansen, Marta A. Jarzyna, Tiona M. Johnson, Katherine D. Jones, Megan A. Jones, Michael G. Just, Youssef O. Kaddoura, Aurora K. Kagawa-Vivani, Aleya Kaushik, Adrienne B. Keller, Katelyn B. S. King, Justin Kitzes, Michael J. Koontz, Paige V Kouba, Wai-Yin Kwan, Jalene M. LaMontagne, Elizabeth A. LaRue, Daijiang Li, Bonan Li, Yang Lin, Daniel Liptzin, William Alex Long, Adam L. Mahood, Samuel S. Malloy, Sparkle L. Malone, Joseph M. McGlinchy, Courtney L. Meier, Brett A. Melbourne, Nathan Mietkiewicz, Jeffrey T. Morisette, Moussa Moustapha, Chance Muscarella, John Musinsky, Ranjan Muthukrishnan, Kusum Naithani, Merrie Neely, Kari Norman, Stephanie M. Parker, Mariana Perez Rocha, Laís Petri, Colette A. Ramey, Sydne Record, Matthew W. Rossi, Michael SanClements, Victoria M. Scholl, Anna K. Schweiger, Bijan Seyednasrollah, Debjani Sihi, Kathleen R. Smith, Eric R. Sokol, Sarah A. Spaulding, Anna I Spiers, Lise A. St. DenisKeywordsSourceEcosphere. 12(12): e03833.Year2021
- Fire and fuel management is a high priority in North American sagebrush ecosystems where the expansion of pinon and juniper trees and the invasion of nonnative annual grasses are altering fire regimes and resulting in loss of sagebrush species and habitat. We evaluated 10-yr effects of woody fuel treatments on sagebrush recruitment and plant functional group interactions using Sagebrush Steppe Treatment Evaluation Project data. We used mixed-effects ANOVAs to examine treatment effects on sagebrush density and cover and perennial and annual grass cover in expansion woodlands (prescribed...AuthorsJeanne C. Chambers, Alexandra K. Urza, David Board, Richard F. Miller, David A. Pyke, Bruce A. Roundy, Eugene W. Schupp, Robin J. TauschKeywordsSourceEcosphereYear2021
- Woody plant expansions are altering ecosystem structure and function, as well as fire regimes, around the globe. Tree-reduction treatments are widely implemented in expanding woodlands to reduce fuel loads, increase ecological resilience, and improve habitat, but few studies have measured treatment outcomes over long timescales or large geographic areas. The Sagebrush Treatment Evaluation Project (SageSTEP) evaluated the ecological effects of prescribed fire and cut-and-leave treatments in sagebrush communities experiencing tree expansion in North American cold desert shrublands. We used...AuthorsStephanie M. Freund, Beth A. Newingham, Jeanne C. Chambers, Alexandra K. Urza, Bruce A. Roundy, J. Hall CushmanKeywordsSourceEcosphere. 12(1): e03325.Year2021
- Predicting post-fire tree mortality is not an exact science, but knowing whether trees will die within 3 years post-fire will help managers and silviculturists responsible for certifying prescriptions determine whether management objectives and desired future conditions can still be achieved (Filip et al. 2007). Management objectives and desired conditions often determine how trees will be marked. Data gathered for several years following fires, both in the Pacific Northwest and throughout the west, have provided significant information to help inform the likelihood of tree death following...AuthorsSharon M. Hood, Iral Ragenovich, Bill SchauppKeywordsSourceReport Number R6-FHP-RO-2020-02. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. State and Private Forestry. 57 p.Year2021
- This field guide provides a simplified post-fire rubric to evaluate trees after fire for injuries and estimate whether it is likely to die within 3 years. For details, see Hood, S., I. Ragenovich, and B. Schaupp. 2021. Post-fire Assessment of Tree Status and Marking Guidelines for Conifers in Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. Report Number R6-FHP-RO-2020-02 (Revised June 2021) (https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/69012).AuthorsSharon M. Hood, Iral Ragenovich, Bill SchauppKeywordsSourcePortland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region, State and Private Forestry. 2 p.Year2021
- Global expansion of lighting and noise pollution alters how animals receive and interpret environmental cues. However, we lack a cross-taxon understanding of how animal traits influence species vulnerability to this growing phenomenon. This knowledge is needed to improve the design and implementation of policies that mitigate or reduce sensory pollutants. We present results from an expert knowledge survey that quantified the relative influence of 21 ecological, anatomical, and physiological traits on the vulnerability of terrestrial vertebrates to elevated levels of anthropogenic lighting...AuthorsMark Ditmer, Clinton D. Francis, Jesse R. Barber, David C. Stoner, Brett M. Seymoure, Kurt M. Fristrup, Neil H. CarterSourceIntegrative and Comparative Biology. 61(3): 1202-1215.Year2021
- People have built roads and trails over the millennia to connect communities, facilitate commerce, enhance defense, and access resources. In the western United States, the United States Forest Service (USFS) has constructed and maintained a system of forest trails and roads since it’s inception in 1905, at first to provide access to remote locations to manage fires and later to provide access for timber harvest and other uses. Road construction over the last century has resulted in a network of over 380,000 miles on USFS lands. While these roads provide valuable access to remote areas, the...AuthorsTom A. Black, Charlie H. Luce, Nathan NelsonKeywordsSourceSociety for Ecological Research: SERNews. 35(1): 15-23.Year2021
- Juvenile tree survival will play an important role in the persistence of coniferous forests and woodlands in the southwestern United States (SWUS). Vulnerability to climatic and environmental stress declines as trees grow, such that larger, more deeply rooted juveniles are less likely to experience mortality. It is unclear how juvenile conifers partition the aboveground and belowground components of early growth, if growth differs between species and ecosystem types, and what environmental factors influence juvenile carbon allocation above- or belowground. We developed a novel data set for...AuthorsN. L. Pirtel, Robert M. Hubbard, J. B. Bradford, T. E. Kolb, M. E. Litvak, S. R. Abella, S. L. Porter, M. D. PetrieKeywordsSourceEcosphere. 12(11): e03839.Year2021