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- Forest Service employees have access to all features of this and other species descriptions through the Birds of the World database. Access Birds of the World through the National Forest Service Library database collection. Recent analysis of mitochondrial genes suggests that the predominantly brown towhees - California, Abert's, Canyon, and White-throated - are more closely related to the Melozone ground-sparrows than they are to the predominantly black or green towhees. As a result, “brown towhees” are now placed in the genus Melozone. See the 51st Supplement to the AOU Checklist of...AuthorsRobert C. Tweit, Deborah M. FinchKeywordsSourceIn: A. Poole, F.; Gill, F. B., eds. Birds of the World. Ithaca, NY: Cornell Lab of Ornithology. Online: https://birdsoftheworld.org/bow/species/abetow/1.0/introduction.Year2020
- Species of biscuitroot (Lomatium: Apiaceae) are endemic to western North America, where multiple species can be common members of perennial wildflower communities from basin sagebrush-steppe and juniper woodlands up to alpine meadows. Despite Lomatium being the largest genus of Apiaceae in North America, little is known about its pollination needs or pollinators. Manual pollinations of the tiny flowers of one species, desert parsley (L. dissectum), showed it to be a self-compatible species, akin to other genera of Apiaceae. Seed production, however, largely requires pollinators to move...AuthorsJames H. Cane, Melissa Weber, Byron G. LoveSourceWestern North American Naturalist. 80(1): 1-10.Year2020
- The statistical analysis of wildland fire activity is integral to wildland fire planning, operations, and research across the globe. Historical fire records are inputs to fire danger rating applications, fire-potential forecast models, geospatial fire modeling systems, and other tools for risk assessment, planning, budgeting, and decision support at multiple scales (Manzello et al. 2018). Spatiotemporal analyses of wildfire activity are used to characterize patterns and trends in relation to potential drivers such as population, land use, climate, and fire-control policies and to understand...AuthorsKaren C. Short, Marty Ahrens, Sarah Harris, Jesus San-Miguel-AyanzKeywordsSourceIn: Manzello, Samuel L., ed. Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 23 p.Year2020
- This paper describes a new dataset mined from the public archive (1999–2014) of the U.S. National Incident Management System/Incident Command System Incident Status Summary Form (a total of 124,411 reports for 25,083 incidents, including 24,608 wildfires). This system captures detailed information on incident management costs, personnel, hazard characteristics, values at risk, fatalities, and structural damage. Most (98.5%) of the reports are fire-related, followed in decreasing order by other, hurricane, hazardous materials, flood, tornado, search and rescue, civil unrest, and winter...AuthorsLise A. St. Denis, Nathan P. Mietkiewicz, Karen C. Short, Mollie Buckland, Jennifer K. BalchKeywordsSourceScientific Data. 7: 64.Year2020
- Although they are the foundations of most efforts to conserve biodiversity, protected areas in the United States have, historically, not always been located in the most important areas to accomplish this goal. We investigated the overlap between suitable habitat for wildlife species of conservation concern and the location of public and private highly protected areas to assess the degree to which current highly protected areas are providing fine-scale habitat for wildlife species of conservation concern, to explore the relationship between the size of total suitable habitat of a species...AuthorsMatthew S. Dietz, R. Travis Belote, Josh Gage, Beth HahnKeywordsSourceBiological Conservation. 248: 108646.Year2020
The Fire and Tree Mortality Database, for empirical modeling of individual tree mortality after fire
Wildland fires have a multitude of ecological effects in forests, woodlands, and savannas across the globe. A major focus of past research has been on tree mortality from fire, as trees provide a vast range of biological services. We assembled a database of individual-tree records from prescribed fires and wildfires in the United States. The Fire and Tree Mortality (FTM) database includes records from 164,293 individual trees with records of fire injury (crown scorch, bole char, etc.), tree diameter, and either mortality or top-kill up to ten years post-fire. Data span 142 species and 62...AuthorsC. Alina Cansler, Sharon M. Hood, J. Morgan Varner, Phillip J. van Mantgem, Michelle C. Agne, Robert A. Andrus, Matthew P. Ayres, Bruce D. Ayres, Jonathan D. Bakker, Michael A. Battaglia, Barbara J. Bentz, Carolyn R. Breece, James Brown, Daniel R. Cluck, Tom Coleman, R. Gregory Corace, W. Wallace Covington, Douglas S. Cram, James Cronan, Joseph E. Crouse, Adrian J. Das, Ryan S. Davis, Darci M. Dickinson, Stephen A. Fitzgerald, Peter Z. Fulé, Lisa M. Ganio, Lindsay M. Grayson, Charles B. Halpern, Jim L. Hanula, Brian J. Harvey, J. Kevin Hiers, David W. Huffman, MaryBeth Keifer, Tara L. Keyser, Leda N. Kobziar, Thomas E. Kolb, Crystal A. Kolden, Karen E. Kopper, Jason R. Kreitler, Jesse K. Kreye, Andrew M. Latimer, Andrew Lerch, Maria J. Lombardero, Virginia McDaniel, Charles W. McHugh, Joel D. McMillin, Jason J. Moghaddas, Joseph J. O’Brien, Daniel D. B. Perrakis, David W. Peterson, Susan J. Prichard, Robert Progar, Kenneth F. Raffa, Elizabeth Reinhardt, Joseph Restaino, John P. Roccaforte, Brendan M. Rogers, Kevin C. Ryan, Hugh D. Safford, Alyson E. Santoro, Timothy M. Shearman, Alice M. Shumate, Carolyn H. Sieg, Sheri L. Smith, Rebecca J. Smith, Nathan L. Stephenson, Mary Stuever, Jens Stevens, Michael T. Stoddard, Walter G. Thies, Nicole M. Vaillant, Shelby A. Weiss, Douglas J. Westlind, Travis J. Woolley, Micah C. WrightSource2020. The Fire and Tree Mortality Database, for empirical modeling of individual tree mortality after fire. Scientific Data. 7: 194.Year2020- Understanding the detailed physical and social context surrounding wildfire and WUI fire fatalities is crucial in terms of ensuring effective emergency management policy and practice. Studies of fatalities over prolonged periods ensure changing trends in vulnerabilities and exposure are identified (e.g., Haynes et al. 2010; Molina- Terrén et al. 2019). There have been a number of catastrophic fires leading to high numbers of fatalities in recent years, including the 2009 Victorian bushfires in Australia, with 173 fatalities (Teague et al. 2010); the 2017 Portugal forest fires, with 66...AuthorsKatharine Haynes, Karen C. Short, Gavriil Xanthopoulos, Domingos Viegas, Luis Mario Ribeiro, Raphaele BlanchiKeywordsSourceIn: Manzello, Samuel L., ed. Encyclopedia of Wildfires and Wildland-Urban Interface (WUI) Fires. Cham, Switzerland: Springer. 16 p.Year2020
- Monte Carlo simulations using wildland fire spread models have been conducted to produce numerical estimates of fire likelihood, project potential fire effects, and produce event sets of realistic wildfires (Parisien et al., 2019). The application of these methods has greatly expanded over the last few decades as a result of increased computation capabilities, available data, and our fundamental understanding of landscape fire dynamics. In their recently published article, Beverly and McLoughlin (2019) attempt to assess the accuracy of fire likelihood outputs (hereafter “burn probability”...AuthorsMarc-Andre Parisien, Alan Ager, Ana M. Barros, Denyse Dawe, Sandy Erni, Mark A. Finney, Charles W. McHugh, Carol L. Miller, Sean A. Parks, Karin Riley, Karen C. Short, Christopher A. Stockdale, Xianli Wang, Ellen WhitmanSourceForest Ecology and Management. 460: 117698.Year2020
- The complex topography, climate, and geological history of Western North America have shaped contemporary patterns of biodiversity and species distributions in the region. Pacific martens (Martes caurina) are distributed along the northern Pacific Coast of North America with disjunct populations found throughout the Northwestern Forested Mountains and Marine West Coast Forest ecoregions of the West Coast. Martes in this region have been classified into subspecies; however, the subspecific designation has been extensively debated. In this study, we use genomic data to delineate conservation...AuthorsMichael K. Schwartz, Ashley Walters, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Katie Moriarty, K. M. Slauson, Bill Zielinski, Keith B. Aubry, B. N. Sacks, Katherine Zarn, C. B. Quinn, Michael K. YoungKeywordsSourceJournal of Heredity. 2020: 169-181.Year2020
- Understanding the driving mechanisms behind existing patterns of vegetation hydraulic traits and community trait diversity is critical for advancing predictions of the terrestrial carbon cycle because hydraulic traits affect both ecosystem and Earth system responses to changing water availability. Here, we leverage an extensive trait database and a long-term continental forest plot network to map changes in community trait distributions and quantify “trait velocities” (the rate of change in community-weighted traits) for different regions and different forest types across the United States...AuthorsAnna T. Trugman, Leander D. L. Anderegg, John D. Shaw, William R. L. AndereggSourceProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 117(15): 8532-8538.Year2020