Treesearch

The purpose of this paper is to recommend a framework and methodology for incorporating hydrologic data and ecohydrologic relationships in Ecological Site Descriptions (ESDs) and thereby enhance the utility of ESDs for assessing rangelands and guiding resilience-based management strategies. Resilience-based strategies assess and manage ecological state dynamics that affect state vulnerability and, therefore, provide opportunities to adapt management. Many rangelands are spatially heterogeneous or sparsely vegetated where the vegetation structure strongly influences infiltration and soil...

Armillaria root diseases are among the most damaging and broadly distributed group of forest diseases in the world (Lockman et al. in press). Armillaria root disease is typically more severe in highly susceptible tree species and in trees that are maladapted due to rapidly changing climatic conditions (Ayres and Lombardero 2000, Kliejunas et al. 2009, Sturrock et al. 2011). Unfortunately, Armillaria root disease is notoriously difficult to manage in forests. Because Armillaria root disease impacts are dependent on complex ecological interactions among the host, soil microbial community,...

Raffaelea quercus-mongolicae is a fungus associated with oak wilt and deemed to cause extensive oak mortality in South Korea. Since the discovery of this fungus on a dead Mongolian oak (Quercus mongolica) in 2004, the mortality continued to spread southwards in South Korea. Despite continued expansion of the disease and associated significant impacts on forest ecosystems, information is lacking about the origin and genetic diversity of R. quercus-mongolicae. Restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing was used to assess genetic diversity and population structure among five populations...

Phellinus noxius, the cause of brown root-rot disease, is an invasive pathogen that was first described by Corner in Singapore (Corner 1932). It has a wide host range of primarily woody plants representing over 200 species from diverse families (Ann et al. 2002). This pathogen is also widespread, and has been reported to occur in many tropical/subtropical areas of Asia, Australia, Central America, Africa, and Oceania, where it can be quite destructive. Phellinus noxius appears to attack hosts regardless of health condition, and it can survive in organic matter long after host death. Early...

Phellinus noxius (Corner) G. H. Cunn is a vastly destructive, fast-growing fungal pathogen that affects a wide range of woody hosts in pan-tropical areas, including Asia, Australia, Africa, and Oceania (Ann et al. 2002; Figure 1) . This pathogen causes brown root-rot disease on cacao, coffee, and rubber, as well as diverse fruit, nut, ornamental, and other native/exotic trees, with little indication of host specificity (Sahashi et al. 2010). Pathogenic symptoms of P. noxius infection can include reduced tree growth, defoliation, and branch dieback; however, P. noxius can survive as a...

Pseudotsuga menziesii (Douglas-fir) is a dominant component of forest stands in much of western North America. It is an important tree to the timber industry, yielding more timber than any other species in North America. It is also extremely important for wildlife as habitat and food. Many small birds and mammals feed on its seeds . Armillaria solidipes [pending vote to conserve A. ostoyae (Redhead et al. 2011)] is also a key component of forest stands throughout much of western North America (Hanna 2005). It is an aggressive pathogen of conifers causing tree mortality and growth loss...

Iran's most valuable forests are located on the coast of the Caspian Sea and cover 1.85 million ha in the northern region of the Alborz mountain range, which is the highest mountain range in the Middle East. Dense forests cover two major provinces, Gilan and Mazandaran; however, less than 10% of Iran is forested. These forests comprise temperate, deciduous, broad-leaved tree species . Conifers are usually absent in Iranian forests, with only a few relics of coniferous species remaining.

Powdery mildew diseases are caused by biotrophic fungi in the Erysiphales. These fungal pathogens are easily observed by the whitish powdery appearance caused by their colonization of the aerial surfaces on living plants (Stadnik & Rivera, 2001) (Figure 1). In Brazil, powdery mildew of Eucalyptus spp is increasing under the current nursery production systems, and the causal agents are generally recognized as the anamorphic stage, such as Oidium spp or Oidium eucalypti Rostrup. (Mucci et al., 1980). Unfortunately, pathogen identification is hampered by the absence of sexual reproductive...

Titica vine provides useful raw fiber material. Using sampling schemes that reduce sampling error can provide direction for sustainable forest management of this vine. Sampling systematically with rectangular plots (10× 25 m) promoted lower error and greater accuracy in the inventory of titica vines in tropical rainforest.

Forests are home to some of the most complex microbial communities (Fierer et al. 2012) which drive biogeochemical cycles (Clemmensen et al. 2013; van der Heijden et al. 2008) and account for substantial terrestrial biomass (Nielsen et al. 2011). Fungi, through their ecological roles as decomposers, mutualists, or pathogens, are particularly important in breaking down organic matter and mediating plant nutrition. Despite this, little is known about the variability, composition, and structure of forest soil fungal communities (Tedersoo et al. 2014). In fact, much of global fungal diversity...