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- Snags (standing dead trees) are important components of forests that provide resources for numerous species of wildlife and contribute to decay dynamics and other ecological processes. Managers charged with managing populations of snags need information about standing rates of snags and factors influencing those rates, yet such data are limited for ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and especially mixed-conifer forests in the southwestern United States. We monitored standing rates of snags in 1-ha plots in Arizona mixed-conifer (n = 53 plots) and ponderosa pine (n = 60 plots) forests from...AuthorsJoseph L. Ganey, Gary C. White, Jeffrey S. Jenness, Scott VojtaKeywordsSourceThe Journal of Wildlife Management. 79(8): 1369-1377.Year2015
- Conservation of species requires accurate population estimates. We used genetic markers from feces to determine bighorn sheep abundance for a herd that was hypothesized to be declining and in need of population status monitoring. We sampled from a small but accessible portion of the population’s range where animals naturally congregate at a natural mineral lick to test whether we could accurately estimate population size by sampling from an area where animals concentrate. We used mark-recapture analysis to derive population estimates, and compared estimates from this smaller spatial...AuthorsKathryn A. Schoenecker, Mary Kay Watry, Laura E. Ellison, Michael K. Schwartz, Gordon L. LuikartKeywordsSourceWestern North American Naturalist. 75(2): 181-191.Year2015
- The global loss of biodiversity continues at an alarming rate. Genomic approaches have been suggested as a promising tool for conservation practice as scaling up to genome-wide data can improve traditional conservation genetic inferences and provide qualitatively novel insights. However, the generation of genomic data and subsequent analyses and interpretations remain challenging and largely confined to academic research in ecology and evolution. This generates a gap between basic research and applicable solutions for conservation managers faced with multifaceted problems. Before the...AuthorsAaron B. A. Shafer, Jochen B. W. Wolf, Paulo C. Alves, Linnea Bergstrom, Michael W. Bruford, Ioana Brannstrom, Guy Colling, Love Dalen, Luc De Meester, Robert Ekblom, Katie D. Fawcett, Simone Fior, Mehrdad Hajibabaei, Jason A. Hill, A. Rus Hoezel, Jacob Hoglund, Evelyn L. Jensen, Johannes Krause, Torsten N. Kristensen, Michael Krutzen, John K. McKay, Anita J. Norman, Rob Ogden, E. Martin Osterling, N. Joop Ouborg, John Piccolo, Danijela Popovic, Craig R. Primmer, Floyd A. Reed, Marie Roumet, Jordi Salmona, Tamara Schenekar, Michael K. Schwartz, Gernot Segelbacher, Helen Senn, Jens Thaulow, Mia Valtonen, Andrew Veale, Philippine Vergeer, Nagarjun Vijay, Carles Vila, Matthias Weissensteiner, Lovisa Wennerstrom, Christopher W. Wheat, Piotr ZielinskiKeywordsSourceTrends and Ecology in Evolution. 30(2): 78-87.Year2015
- The Forest Service Tree Climbing Program provides direction that protects Forest Service employees while ascending, descending, and working aloft in trees by establishing national direction based on recognized industry standards, procedures and practices. Climbing and working in trees demands specialized equipment and skills. The potential for a serious injury or fatal fall is always present, so employees shall be trained and certified before they engage in tree climbing operations and activities. The Forest Service Silvicultural Practices Handbook, FSH 2409.17, Chapter 50-Forest Tree...AuthorsJerry Berdeen, Burnham Chamberlain, Teryl G. Grubb, Art Henderson, Brock Mayo, Manfred Mielke, Kathryn L. Purcell, Dennis Ringnes, Marc Roberts, Donna Stubbs, Micah ThorningSourceTech. Rep. 0567-2819-MTDC. Missoula, MT: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Missoula Technology and Development Center. 88 p.Year2015
- Native shrublands and their associated grasses and forbs have been disappearing from the Great Basin as a result of grazing practices, exotic weed invasions, altered fire regimes, climate change and other human impacts. Native forb seed is needed to restore these areas. The irrigation requirements for maximum seed production of four key native forb species (Eriogonum umbellatum, Lomatium dissectum, Penstemon speciosus, and Sphaeralcea grossulariifolia) were studied at the Oregon State University Malheur Experiment Station beginning in 2005. Species plots were supplied with 0, 100, or 200...AuthorsClinton C. Shock, Erik B. G. Feibert, Nancy L. Shaw, Myrtle P. Shock, Lamont D. SaundersKeywordsSourceNatural Areas Journal. 35(1): 74-82.Year2015
- Comparing emergence and survival probabilities, early seral natives generally outperformed late seral natives when growing with exotics and had earlier emergence timing, although results differed among functional groups and soil types. In contrast, survival probabilities did not differ between the early and late seral mixes when growing without exotics. Within each seed mix, native grasses exhibited the highest emergence probabilities of the functional groups. Natives did not suppress exotics in early life stages. Performance of B. tectorum was higher on sandy loam, while T. caput-medusae...AuthorsShauna M. Uselman, Keirith A. Snyder, Elizabeth A. Leger, Sara E. DukeKeywordsSourceApplied Vegetation Science. doi:10.1111/avsc.12175.Year2015
- Genetic variation for potentially adaptive traits of the key restoration species Sandberg bluegrass (Poa secunda J. Presl) was assessed over the intermountain western United States in relation to source population climate. Common gardens were established at two intermountain west sites with progeny from two maternal parents from each of 130 wild populations. Data were collected over 2 years at each site on fifteen plant traits associated with production, phenology, and morphology. Analyses of variance revealed strong population differences for all plant traits (P < 0.0001), indicating...AuthorsRichard C. Johnson, Matthew E. Horning, Erin Espeland, Ken Vance-BorlandKeywordsSourceEvolutionary Applications. 8(2): 172-184.Year2015
- The Interagency Native Plant Materials Development Program outlined in the 2002 United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and United States Department of Interior (USDI) Report to Congress encouraged use of native plant materials for rangeland rehabilitation and restoration where feasible. The Great Basin Native Plant Project is a cooperative project lead by the Bureau of Land Management (BLM) Plant Conservation Program and the United States Forest Service (USFS), Rocky Mountain Research Station that was initiated to provide information that will be useful to managers when making...AuthorsFrancis F. Kilkenny, Anne Halford, Alexis MalcombSourceBoise, ID: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 194 p.Year2015
- Soils are crucial for profitable and sustainable biomass feedstock production. They provide nutrients and water, give support for plants, and provide habitat for enormous numbers of biota. There are several systems for soil classification. FAO has provided a generic classification system that was used for a global soil map (Bot et al., 2000). The USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service has produced a world soils map based on the FAO system (Eswaran et al., 2003, Figure 4.1). An initiative of the Digital Soil Mapping Working Group of the International Union of Soil Sciences is moving...AuthorsDan G. Neary, Johannes W. A. LangeveldKeywordsSourceIn: Schweinle, J., ed. Assessing the Environmental Performance of Bioenergy Supply Chains. Report 2015:TR01. International Energy Agency, Bioenergy Task 43. p. 58-77.Year2015
- Though wildfires can lead to tremendous rates of soil erosion, they also have several beneficial effects on natural areas. Plants in ecosystems that are susceptible to wildfires often survive through adaptation processes that include physical protection against heat, increased growth after a wildfire event and production of flammable materials that stimulate fire and may diminish competition.AuthorsP. R. Garcia-Chevesich, R. Valdes, Dan G. Neary, R. PizarroKeywordsSourceEnvironmental Connection. 9(2): 24-25.Year2015