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- Climate change is expected to drive increased tree mortality through drought, heat stress, and insect attacks, with manifold impacts on forest ecosystems. Yet, climate-induced tree mortality and biotic disturbance agents are largely absent from process-based ecosystem models. Using data sets from the western USA and associated studies, we present a framework for determining the relative contribution of drought stress, insect attack, and their interactions, which is critical for modeling mortality in future climates. We outline a simple approach that identifies the mechanisms associated...AuthorsWilliam R. L. Anderegg, Jeffrey A. Hicke, Rosie A. Fisher, Craig D. Allen, Juliann Aukema, Barbara J. Bentz, Sharon Hood, Jeremy W. Lichstein, Alison K. Macalady, Nate McDowell, Yude Pan, Kenneth Raffa, Anna Sala, John D. Shaw, Nathan L. Stephenson, Christina Tague, Melanie ZeppelKeywordsSourceNew Phytologist. doi: 10.1111/nph.13477.Year2015
- Understanding how plants are constructed—i.e., how key size dimensions and the amount of mass invested in different tissues varies among individuals—is essential for modeling plant growth, carbon stocks, and energy fluxes in the terrestrial biosphere. Allocation patterns can differ through ontogeny, but also among coexisting species and among species adapted to different environments. While a variety of models dealing with biomass allocation exist, we lack a synthetic understanding of the underlying processes. This is partly due to the lack of suitable data sets for validating and parameter...AuthorsDaniel S. Falster, Remko A. Duursma, Masae I. Ishihara, Diego R. Barneche, Richard G. FitzJohn, Angelica Varhammar, Masahiro Aiba, Makoto Ando, Niels Anten, Michael J. Aspinwall, Jennifer L. Baltzer, Christopher Baraloto, Michael A. Battaglia, John J. Battles, Ben Bond-Lamberty, Michiel van Breugel, Yves Claveau, Masako Dannoura, Sylvain Delagrange, Jean-Christophe Domec, Farrah Fatemi, Wang Feng, Veronica Gargaglione, Yoshiaki Goto, Akio Hagihara, Jefferson S. Hall, Steve Hamilton, Degi Harja, Tsutom Hiura, Robert Holdaway, Lindsay S. Hutley, Tomoaki Ichie, Eric J. Jokela, Anu Kantola, Jeff Kelly, Tanaka Kenzo, David King, Brian D. Kloeppel, Takashi Kohyama, Akira Komiyama, Jean-Paul Laclau, Christopher H. Lusk, Douglas A. Maguire, Guerric Le Maire, Ammikki Makela, Lars Markesteijn, John Marshall, Katherine McCulloh, Itsuo Miyata, Karel Mokany, Shugeta Mori, Randall W. Myster, Masahiro Nagano, Shawna L. Naidu, Yann Nouvellon, Anthony P. O'Grady, Kevin L. O'Hara, Toshiyuki Ohtsuka, Noriyuki Osada, Olusegun O. Osunkoya, Pablo Luis Peri, Any Mary Petritan, Lourens Poorter, Angelika Portsmuth, Catherine Potvin, Johannes Ransijn, Douglas Reid, Sabina C. Ribeiro, Scott D. Roberts, Rolando Rodriguez, Angela Saldana-Acosta, Ignacio Santa-Regina, Kaichiro Sasa, N. Galia Selaya, Stephen C. Sillett, Frank Sterck, Kentaro Takagi, Takeshi Tange, Hiroyuki Tanouchi, David Tissue, Toru Umehara, Matthew A. Vadeboncoeur, Fernando Valladares, Petteri Vanninen, Jian R. Wang, Elizabeth Wenk, Richard Williams, Fabiano de Aquino Ximenes, Atsushi Yamaba, Toshihiro Yamada, Takuo Yamakura, Ruth D. Yanai, Robert A. YorkKeywordsSourceEcology. 96(5): 1445.Year2015
- Fire incident teams depend on accurate fire diagnostics and predictive data to guide daily positioning and tactics of fire crews. Currently, the U.S. Department of Agriculture - Forest Service National Infrared Operations (NIROPs) nighttime airborne data provides daily information about the fire front and total fire affected area of priority fires to the incident teams on the ground. During the peak of the fire season, NIROPs aircraft can fly over 30 incidents per night to monitor active fires. The total flight hours performed by NIROPs aircraft have increased in the last five years,...AuthorsPatricia Oliva, Wilfrid SchroederKeywordsSourceIn: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 309-311.Year2015
- Studies project that a warming climate will likely increase wildfire activity in many areas (Westerling and others 2002; Flannigan and others 2005, 2009; Littell and others 2009). These analyses are often of aggregate statistics like annual area burned, which are insufficient for analyzing changes in seasonality of fire events, the temporal resolution useful for fire management and understanding what drives individual events. Stavros and others (in press, a) show that very large wildfires (VLWFs >20,234 ha ~50,000 ac) may account for only the top two percent of all fires burned in the...AuthorsE. Natasha Stavros, John Abatzoglou, Zachary Tane, Van Kane, Sander Veraverbeke, Bob McGaughey, James A. Lutz, Narasimhan K. Larkin, Donald McKenzie, E. Ashley Steel, Carlos Ramirez, Justin Boland, Dave SchimelKeywordsSourceIn: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 312-313Year2015
- The appropriate role of large airtankers (LATs) in federal fire suppression in the United States has been the source of much debate and discussion in recent years as the U.S. Forest Service (USFS) has faced impending decisions about how best to address an aging fleet of contracted aircraft. Questions of fleet efficiency are complicated by inadequacies in historical data on airtanker use. A need for improved data collection systems for LATs was a key recommendation to come from a 2013 U.S. Government Accountability Office (GAO) investigation into actions made by the USFS and the U.S....AuthorsCrystal S. Stonesifer, Matthew P. Thompson, Dave E. Calkin, Charles W. McHughKeywordsSourceIn: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 314-316.Year2015
- The management of wildfire is a dynamic, complex, and fundamentally uncertain enterprise. Fire managers face uncertainties regarding fire weather and subsequent influence on fire behavior, the effects of fire on socioeconomic and ecological resources, and the efficacy of alternative suppression actions on fire outcomes. In these types of difficult decision environments, even well-trained and experienced individuals can become susceptible to cognitive limitations and decision biases, as indicated by several recent analyses of fire manager decision making. This extended abstract focuses on...AuthorsMatthew P. ThompsonKeywordsSourceIn: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 317-319.Year2015
- In response to federal wildfire policy changes, risk-informed decision-making by way of improved decision support, is increasingly becoming a component of managing wildfires. As fire incidents escalate in size and complexity, the Wildland Fire Decision Support System (WFDSS) provides support with different analytical tools as fire conditions change. We demonstrate the application of WFDSS information and tools to assess risk management cycle elements by using a case study wildfire from the 2013 fire season; the Gold Pan Fire, Bitterroot National Forest, Montana, USA. Examples of the...AuthorsErin Noonan-Wright, Tonja S. OppermanKeywordsSourceIn: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 320-323.Year2015
- The tree-killing mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) is an important disturbance agent of western North American forests and recent outbreaks have affected tens of millions of hectares of trees. Most western North American pines (Pinus spp.) are hosts and are successfully attacked by mountain pine beetles whereas a handful of pine species are not suitable hosts and are rarely attacked. How pioneering females locate host trees is not well understood, with prevailing theory involving random landings and/or visual cues. Here we show that female mountain pine beetles orient...AuthorsCurtis A. Gray, Justin B. Runyon, Michael J. Jenkins, Andrew D. GiuntaKeywordsSourcePLoS ONE. 10(9): e0135752.Year2015
- The incidence of large, costly landscape-scale fires in western North America is increasing. To combat these fires, researchers and managers have expressed increased interest in investigating the effectiveness of past, stand-replacing wildfires as bottom-up controls on fire spread and severity. Specifically, how effective are past wildfires in mitigating the behavior and effect of future fires, and for how long? Our research focused on two recent fires that encountered past wildfires but with significantly different outcomes. The 2006 Tripod Complex fires in Washington State flanked...AuthorsRobert W. Gray, Susan J. PrichardKeywordsSourceIn: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 290-293.Year2015
- Smoke caused by wildland fire events is an important public health issue, involving major risks to the health of people and the environment. Smoke from wildland fires can travel hundreds of kilometers, affecting air quality far from the flames. Through a partnership with Health Canada, Manitoba Health's Office of Disaster Management (ODM) has undertaken a number of multi-year projects to improve our understanding of some of the aspects of these scientific and social issues related to wildland fire smoke. Through these projects, ODM will meet the following objectives: 1) develop specific...AuthorsJeffrey Joaquin, Darlene OshanskiKeywordsSourceIn: Keane, Robert E.; Jolly, Matt; Parsons, Russell; Riley, Karin. Proceedings of the large wildland fires conference; May 19-23, 2014; Missoula, MT. Proc. RMRS-P-73. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. p. 294-297.Year2015