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- Our objective in the present study is to provide fundamental insights into the main factors that control the thermal degradation processes occurring inside the biomass vegetation during wildland fire spread. These processes determine the formation of flammable volatiles through pyrolysis reactions and the intensity of the internal heat release through char oxidation reactions; both aspects are central to flaming and smoldering combustion. We adopt here a simplified framework in which the biomass vegetation is viewed as a population of discrete elongated particles that are made of pine...AuthorsMohamed Mohsen Ahmed, Hazem M. Al-Bulqini, Arnaud Trouve, Jason M. Forthofer, Mark A. FinneyKeywordsSourceJournal of Physics: Conference Series. 2885: 012077.Year2024
- This study evaluates deep-learning and Shape from Silhouette (SfS) methods for 3D reconstruction of smoke plumes. It demonstrates the deep-learning method's superiority in cases with limited camera views and calibration data, achieving high-quality reconstructions of semitransparent smoke without precise calibration. The research emphasizes the significance of preprocessing and data appearance for neural network efficacy. By improving 3D reconstruction techniques, this work aids in advancing wildfire tracking and environmental analysis, offering a practical approach for real-world applicati...AuthorsJ. A. Blanco, M. Pardas, J. R. Casas, R. Paugam, A. Agueda, J. Wagner, Russell A. Parsons, E. PlanasSourceJournal of Physics: Conference Series. 2885: 012075.Year2024
- Navigating uncertainty is a critical challenge in all fields of science, especially when translating knowledge into real-world policies or management decisions. However, the wide variance in concepts and definitions of uncertainty across scientific fields hinders effective communication. As a microcosm of diverse fields within Earth Science, NASA’s Carbon Monitoring System (CMS) provides a useful crucible in which to identify cross-cutting concepts of uncertainty. The CMS convened the Uncertainty Working Group (UWG), a group of specialists across disciplines, to evaluate and synthesize...AuthorsRobert E. Kennedy, Shawn P. Serbin, Michael C. Dietze, Hans-Erik Andersen, Chad Babcock, David F. Baker, Molly E. Brown, Kenneth J. Davis, Laura Duncanson, Sha Feng, Andrew T. Hudak, Junjie Liu, Paul L. Patterson, Brett Raczka, Mark A. Cochrane, Sepulveda Carlo Edil A., Rodrigo VargasSourceEnvironmental Research Letters. 19: 123003.Year2024
- Fires in coniferous forests throughout the northern United States alter ecosystem processes and ecological communities, including the diversity and composition of microbial communities living in the soil. In addition to its influence on ecosystem processes and functions, the soil microbiome can interact with soilborne pathogens to facilitate or suppress plant disease development. Altering the microbiome composition to promote taxa that inhibit pathogenic activity has been suggested as a management strategy for forest diseases, including Armillaria root disease caused by Armillaria solidipes...AuthorsAda J. Fitz Axen, Mee-Sook Kim, Ned B. Klopfenstein, Sara Ashiglar, John W. Hanna, Patrick I. Bennett, Jane E. StewartKeywordsSourceApplied and Environmental Microbiology. 20: e01312-24.Year2024
- Wolverine distribution contracted along the southern periphery of its range in North America during the 19th and 20th centuries due primarily to human influences. This history, along with low densities, sensitivity to climate change, and concerns about connectivity among fragmented habitats spurred the recent US federal listing of threatened status and special concern status in Canada. To help inform large scale landscape connectivity, we collected 882 genetic samples genotyped at 19 microsatellite loci. We employed multiple statistical models to assess the landscape factors (terrain...AuthorsCasey C. Day, Erin L. Landguth, Michael A. Sawaya, Anthony P. Clevenger, Robert A. Long, Zachary Holden, Jocelyn R. Akins, Robert B. Anderson, Keith B. Aubry, Mirjam Barrueto, Nichole L. Bjornlie, Jeffrey P. Copeland, Jason T. Fisher, Anne Forshner, Justin A. Gude, Doris Hausleitner, Nichole A. Heim, Kimberly S. Heinemeyer, Anne Hubbs, Robert M. Inman, Scott Jackson, Michael Jokinen, Nathan P. Kluge, Andrea Kortello, Deborah L. Lacroix, Luke Lamar, Lisa I Larson, Jeffrey C. Lewis, Dave Lockman, Michael K. Lucid, Paula MacKay, Audrey J. Magoun, Michelle L. McLellan, Katie Moriarty, Cory E. Mosby, Garth Mowat, Clifford G. Nietvelt, David Paetkau, Eric C. Palm, Kylie J. S. Paul, Kristine L. Pilgrim, Catherine M. Raley, Michael K. Schwartz, Matthew A. Scrafford, John R. Squires, Zachary J. Walker, John S. Waller, Richard D. Weir, Katherine ZellerKeywordsSourceGenetic connectivity of wolverines in western North America. Scientific Reports. 14: 28248.Year2024
- We assessed historical changes in the landscape context of forest (circa 2016) that occurred between 2001 and 2016. We quantified three measures of context - forest cover fragmentation, anthropogenic interface, and forest edge typology - within a 15.2 ha neighborhood centered on representative forest inventory plot locations in the conterminous United States. Net change of interface area was attributable mainly to privately owned land in the East, amounting to a 4.9 percent decrease of forest area in the agriculture interface and a 3.7 percent increase of area in the developed interface....AuthorsJennifer Costanza, Karen G. Schleeweis, Kurt RiittersKeywordsSourceIn: Crocker, S.J., ed. Proceedings of the 2022 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA 2022) science stakeholder meeting: grow. adapt. regenerate - monitoring and responding to global change to promote resilient and productive forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-225. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. p. 2-8.Year2024
- Information on status and trends in both land use and land cover are needed to assess the Nation’s land resources. The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program collects annual inventory data on forest land as well as other land use and cover classes. FIA also produces other sources of data and information on land resources. We present an example application of using FIA data to estimate status and change in forest land area, and we introduce the FIA Land Resources Explorer, an online interactive web application. The flagship product in the...AuthorsMark D. D. Nelson, Jennifer Bakken, Holly C. Russon, Sean P. Healey, Tracey Frescino, Thomas A. Albright, Charles E. Werstak, Sonja Oswalt, Andy N. GrayKeywordsSourceIn: Crocker, S.J., ed. Proceedings of the 2022 Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA 2022) science stakeholder meeting: grow. adapt. regenerate - monitoring and responding to global change to promote resilient and productive forests. Gen. Tech. Rep. NRS-225. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. p. 9-13.Year2024
- The concepts of resilience and resistance (R&R) have been used to improve wildland fuel treatment outcomes by identifying parts of the landscape that are more likely to respond well to treatment. This study examined how the economic benefits and costs of fuel treatments in sagebrush (Artemisia spp.) ecosystems varied with the resilience and resistance properties of the treatment site. Generalized ecological models were developed for the economic analysis of fuel treatments that integrated ecological succession, annual grass invasion, pinyon-juniper expansion, and wildfire to simulate...AuthorsThomas A. Bridges-Lyman, Jessi L. Brown, Jeanne C. Chambers, Lisa M. Ellsworth, Matthew C. Reeves, Karen C. Short, Eva K. Strand, Michael H. TaylorKeywordsSourceLand. 13: 2131.Year2024
- Spatially explicit and climate sensitive information on the responses of ecosystems to global change processes is required for strategic planning and prioritization of conservation and restoration. Indicators of ecological resilience and invasion resistance (R&R) are used increasingly to understand the influence of climate on ecosystem responses to these change processes and determine effective management strategies. We developed landscape-scale indicators of R&R based on climate regimes for southwest U.S. drylands that accounted for precipitation seasonality and climate change using 1 km...AuthorsJeanne C. Chambers, Jessi L. Brown, Steve Campbell, Shane A. Green, Matthew C. Reeves, Daniel R. Schlaepfer, Vaughn ThackerKeywordsSourceEcological Indicators. 168: 112749.Year2024
- Pre-fire mitigation efforts that include the installation and maintenance of fuel breaks are integral to wildfire suppression in Southern California. Fuel breaks alter fire behavior and assist in fire suppression at strategic locations on the landscape. However, the combined effectiveness of fuel breaks and wildfire suppression is not well studied. Using daily firefighting personnel to proxy the quantity and diversity of potential fire suppression operations (i.e., operational complexity), we examined 15 wildfires from 2017 to 2020 in the Los Padres, Angeles, San Bernardino, and Cleveland...AuthorsJesse D. Young, Erin J. Belval, Benjamin Gannon, Yu Wei, Christopher D. O'Connor, Christopher Dunn, Bradley Pietruszka, Dave E. Calkin, Matthew P. ThompsonKeywordsSourceForest Policy and Economics. 169: 103351.Year2024