Pond Pine
Location

County: Jones
Forest: Croatan National Forest, National Forests in North Carolina
District: Croatan
View a searchable map for the Pond Pine RNA.
Related Reports and Publications
- American Ornithologists’ Union. 1957. The A. O. U. Checklist of North American Birds. Ed. 5, 691 pp. Prepared by a committee of A. O. U.
- W. F., Blair, A. P. Blair, P. Brodkorb, F. R. Cagle, and G. A. Moore. 1968. Vertebrates of the United States. McGraw–Hill, Inc., Second Ed., 616 pp.
- Carney, C. B., and A. V. Hardy. 1967. Climatologica Summary, New Bern, N. C. Station. USDC En. Sci. Serv. Admin. Weather Bureau. Climatography of U. S. No. 20 – 31.
- Dachnowski–Stokes, A. P. and B. W. Wells. 1929. The vegetation. stratigraphy, and age of the “Open Land” peat area in Carteret County, N. C. J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 19: 1–11.
- Davis, W. A., K. V. Goodman, and Z. C. Foster. 1938. Soil Survey of Jones County, North Carolina. USDA, Bureau of Chem. and Soils in Cooperation with N. C. Dept. of Agric. and N. C. Agric. Exp. Stn. Series 1934, No. 4, 27 pp .
- Ferwald, M. L. 1950. Gray's manual of Botany. American Book Co., 8th Ed., 1632 pp.
- Gardner, A. L. 1973. The systematics of the genus Didelphis (marsupialia: Didelphidae) in North and Middle America. Texas Tech. Univ. The Museum Special Publications (No. 4). 82 pp.
- Grant, C. 1945. A biological Explanation of the Carolina Bays Sci. Monthly 61: 443–450.
- Hall, E. R., and K. R. Kelson. 1959. The Mammals of North America. The Ronald Press, N. Y. Vol I, 1–546 + 79 p. index and Vol. II, 547–1083 + 79 p. index.
- Hall, E. R., S. Anderson, J. K. Jones Jr., and R. L. Packard. 1960. Committee on Nomenclature Report. J. of Mammalogy 41: 537–538
- Johnson, D. 1942. Origin of the Carolina Bays. No. IV of the Columbia Geomorphic Studies. Columbia Univ. Press. 341 pp.
- Jurney, R. C., W. A. David, and J. J. Morgan. 1934. Soil Survey of Craven County, North Carolina. USDA Bureau Chem. & Soils in cooperation with N. C. Dept. of Agric and N. C. Agric. Exp. Stn. Series 1929, No. 23, 27 pp.
- Kaufman, C. M. and H. G. Posey. 1953. Production and quality of pond pine seed in a pocosin of N. C. For. 51: No. 280–282
- Kaufman, C. M., J. B. White, and R. J. Moore. 1954. Growth of pond pine in a pocosin area. J. For. 52: 275–279
- Lee, W. D. 1955. The soils of North Carolina, their formation, identification and use. N. C. Dept. Agric. Exp. Stn. Tech. Bull. No. 115, 187 pp.
- Little, E. L., Jr. 1953. Checklist of native and naturalized trees of the U. S. (including Alaska), Agric. Hdbk. 41, USDA, Forest Service, Washington D. C. 472 pp.
- Little, E. L., Jr. 1953. Checklist of native and naturalized trees of the U. S. (including Alaska), Agric. Hdbk. 41, USDA, Forest Service, Washington D. C. 472 pp.
- Maki, T. E., and W. D. Miller. 1957. Planting pines in pocosins. J. For. 55: 659–663.
- Munns, E. N., T. G. Hoerner, and V. A. Clements. 1949. Converting factors and tables of equivalents used in forestry. USDA Miscell. Pub. 225. Washington, D. C. Issued July 1935; Revised June 1949.
- Radford, A. E., H. D. Ahles, and C. R. Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. U. N. C. Press, Chapel Hill, N. C. 1183 pp.
- Thom, B. G. 1970. Carolina Bays in Horry and Marion Counties, South Carolina. Geological Soc. of Am. Bull. 81: 783–814
- Wells, B. W. 1928. Plant communities of the coastal plain of N. C. and their successive relations. Ecology 9: 230–242
- Wells, B. W. 1942. Ecological problems of the southeastern United States coastal plain. Bot. Rev. 8: 553–561.
- Wells, B. W. 1946. Vegetation of Holly Shelter wildlife management area. Dept. of Conserv. & Development, N. C. State Bull. No. 2.
- Wells, B. W., and S. Boyce. 1953. Carolina Bays: Additional data on their origin, age, and history. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. J. 69: 119–141.
- Wendel, G. W., T. G. Storey, and G. M. Bryan. 1962. Forest Fuels on organic and associated soils in the coastal plain of North Carolina. USDA Forest Serv. Southeast. For. Exp. Stn. Pap. 144. 46 pp.
- Wenger, K. F. 1965. Pond pine (Pinus serotona Michx.). In Silvics of forest trees of the United States. USDA Agric. Hdbk. No. 271: 411–416.
- Wilson, W. F. 1975. Bibliography of N. C. Geology, 1910–1960, Bull. 82. N.C. Dept. of Natural and Economic Resources, Div. of Resource Planning and Evaluation, Mineral Resources Section. Raleigh, N. C.
Ecological and Physical Description
Pocosin with almost impenetrable jungle of broadleaf, evergreen shrubs and vines. Pond Pine is the principal tree. Located 36 miles south of New Bern, NC in the vicinity of Great Lake, 11 miles north of Onslow Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. Pond Pine, low and high pocosin, mixed pine–upland hardwoods, creek bottom hardwoods. The low pocosin cover type occupies about 82 percent of the natural area. Fire has been an important part of the ecology of pocosins, and it has only been in recent years that fire has been excluded to any degree from pocosins. During periods of drought when the water table levels drop and the pocosins become dry, the fuel in these pocosins becomes very flammable. Blow-up wildfires are not uncommon under these conditions and are virtually uncontrollable once they start. The flora has developed over the millennia with fire as a part of the environment. Pond pine is dependent on fire for dispersal of seed from its serotinous cones.
Rainfall is well distributed throughout the year, average about 55 inches (140 cm) annually; July, August, and September are the 3 months with greatest average rainfall.
This RNA is in a large pocosin which includes some Carolina Bays. Soils are classified as mucks or Pamlico muck and have a high accumulation of organic matter. The muck is underlain at depths of 20-60 inches with either sand, silt, or clay. In the case of this pocosin, the sub-surface mineral soil is primarily a brown fine sand.
Pocosin with Carolina bays. Pocosins, or “raised bogs”, can be characterized by poor drainage with water standing near or on soil surface a greater proportion of the year and by their high accumulation of organic matter, high acidity (low pH), low soil oxygen, and deficiencies of certain nutrients, possibly phosphorus and calcium.
Flora and Fauna
Common Plant Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Category | At Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pinus serotine Michx. | Pond pine | Plant Communities | ||
| Magnolia virginiana L. | Sweet bay | Plant Communities | ||
| Nyssa sylvatica var. biflora Walt. Sarg. | Swamp blackgum | Plant Communities | ||
| Persea Boronia (L.) Spreng. | Red bay | Plant Communities | ||
| Gordonia lasianthus (L.) Ellis | Loblolly bay | Plant Communities | ||
| Cyrilla racemiflora L. | Swamp ironwood | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Zenobia pulverulenta (Bartram) Pollard | Honeycup | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Lyonia lucida (Lam.) K. Koch | Fetterbush | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Ilex glabra (L.) Gray | Bitter gallberry | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Ilex coriacea (Pursh) Chapm. | Sweet gallberry | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Clethra alnifolia L. | Sweet pepperbush | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Gaylussacia frondosa (L.) T. & G. | Dangleberry | Common Shrub Species | ||
| Woodwardia virginica (L.) Sm. | Chain fern | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Arundinaria gigantean (Walt.) Muhl. | Switch cane | Common Herbaceous Species | ||
| Smilax laurifolia L. | Bamboo | Common Herbaceous Species |
Common Animal Species
| Scientific Name | Common Name | Category | At Risk | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Odocoileus virginiana virginiana Zimmermann | White-tailed deer | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Ursus americanus americanus Pallas | Black bear | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Dendrocopos borealis (Vieillot) | Red cockaded woodpecker | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Alligator mississipiensis (Daudin) | Alligator | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Agkistrodon piscivorus (Lacepede) | Cottonmouth moccasin | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Aix sponsa (L.) | Wood duck | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Scuirus niger niger L. | Fox squirrel | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Scuirus carolinensis carolinensis (Gmelin) | Gray squirrel | Common Mammal Species | ||
| Glaucomys volans volans (L) | Southern flying squirrel | Common Mammal Species |