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Displaying 11 - 20 of 64,630 Publications- This study aimed to assess the technical feasibility and economic viability of cellulose nanocrystals produced from a marine animal, i.e., tunicate. An industrial-scale process simulation model was developed with a 50 tonne/day production capacity of tunicate-based cellulose nanocrystals, at 1% solid. The system boundary included preprocessing and pretreatment of raw tunicate, acid hydrolysis, filtration, and concentration. The minimum selling price of tunicate-based cellulose nanocrystals (1% solids) in the baseline scenario was estimated to be $1.16/kg, and it could be reduced to...AuthorsSeyed Hashem Mousavi Avval, Naveenkumar Rajendiran, Matthew J. Dunlop, Kamalakanta Sahoo, Troy Runge, Richard BergmanKeywordsSourceBiomass Conversion and BiorefineryYear2026
Hurricane Fiona in Puerto Rico: assessing effects and adaptive responses in agriculture and forestry
Hurricanes pose risks for agriculture and forestry in regions where successive storms contribute to cumulative effects that hinder recovery and reduce adaptive capacity. Hurricanes also provide learning opportunities, and successive hurricanes provide opportunity to evaluate whether lessons have been applied and if they reduce the negative effects or improve recovery times. In Puerto Rico, hurricane Fiona made landfall on September 18, 2022, while many communities and landscapes were still facing the longstanding impacts of hurricanes Irma and María, major hurricanes of 2017. This study...AuthorsNora Alvarez-Berrios, Kathleen McGinley, Paloma S. Rodríguez-Serrano, Luis Alexis Rodríguez-Cruz, William A. GouldKeywordsSourceFrontiers in Sustainable Food SystemsYear2026- Biodiversity generally enhances ecosystem productivity, but whether such effects persist or intensify during climate extremes is unclear. Here we synthesized data from 75 biodiversity experiments across grasslands and forests to assess how aridity and soil nutrients modulate plant diversity effects under drought and heat extremes. Biodiversity most strongly enhanced productivity under extreme drought in more arid grasslands but had limited effects in forests under such conditions. More arid grasslands showed enhanced complementarity effects under extreme drought, whereas less arid grassland...AuthorsTakehiro Sasaki, Daniela Hoss, Yuanyuan Huang, Yuki Iwachido, Liting Zheng, Luis Abdala-Roberts, Eric Allan, Harald Auge, Nadia Barsoum, Jürgen Bauhus, Christel Baum, Carl Beierkuhnlein, Friderike Beyer, Pedro Brancalion, Seraina L. Cappelli, Chengjin Chu, Dylan Craven, Caroline Daniel, Jiri Dolezal, Anne Ebeling, Marina Fagundes, Olga Ferlian, Gislene Ganade, Tobias Gebauer, Benoit Gendreau-Berthiaume, Douglas Godbold, Nathaly Guerrero-Ramírez, Joannès Guillemot, Peter Hajek, Andy Hector, Dirk Hölscher, Hervé Jactel, Anke Jentsch, Julia Koricheva, Holger Kreft, Juergen Kreyling, Vojtech Lanta, Jan Leps, Wei Lin, Maybeth Mendoza-Espinosa, Celine Meredieu, Christian Messier, Sebastian T. Meyer, Florencia Montagnini, Bart Muys, Charles Nock, Alain Paquette, William C. Parker, John D. Parker, Victor Parra-Tabla, John A. Parrotta, Gustavo B. Paterno, Noémie A. Pichon, Daniel Piotto, Wayne Polley, Quentin Ponette, Catherine Potvin, Peter B. Reich, Boris Rewald, Agnès Robin, Christiane Roscher, Hans Sanden, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Florian Schnabel, Eric B. Searle, Alrun Siebenkäs, Rachel J. Standish, David Tilman, Jasper van Ruijven, Kris Verheyen, Alexandra Weigelt, Martin Weih, Ramona Werner, Brian Wilsey, Bernhard Schmid, Forest Isbell, Nico EisenhauerKeywordsSourceNature Ecology & EvolutionYear2026
- Wildfires have increasingly affected human and natural systems across the western United States (WUS) in recent decades. Given that the majority of ignitions are human‐caused and potentially preventable, improving the ability to predict fire occurrence is critical for effective wildfire prevention and risk mitigation. We used over 500,000 wildfire ignition records from 2000 to 2020 to develop machine learning models that predict daily ignition probability across the WUS and incorporate a wide range of physical, biological, social, and administrative variables. A key innovation of this work...AuthorsYavar Pourmohamad, John T. Abatzoglou, Erica Fleishman, Erin J. Belval, Karen C. Short, Matthew Williamson, Michael Perlmutter, Seyd Teymoor Seydi, Mojtaba SadeghSourceEarth's FutureYear2026
- Increasing carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere are warming and changing climate globally. Policymakers and land managers want to know the effectiveness of different approaches to reduce the increase in GHG while mitigating effects of future climate change. Forests can store large amounts of carbon and can gain or lose carbon relatively rapidly, making them a focus of study. A variety of ecosystem models have been applied to estimate hard-to-measure forest stocks and processes and to project alternative management scenarios into the future.We examined the...AuthorsAndrew Gray, Taylor K. Lucey, David V. D'Amore, John B. Kim, David L. Nicholls, Nadia A. Tase, Andrew C. Yost, Jeffrey D. Kline, Jeremy S. Fried, Daniel E.B. SwannKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-1046. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 89 p. (Online Only).Year2026
- Public lands are sources of valuable ecological, social, cultural, economic, scientific, and recreational resources in the United States. Wildfires may threaten the continued provision of some of these benefits. Fire management on public lands is increasingly challenging due to the growing array of human activities responsible for fires, including recreational target shooting. We used detailed information in agency fire reports from 1992 to 2020 to advance our understanding of contemporary wildfire ignition sources and patterns on a subset of public lands managed by the Bureau of Land...AuthorsMegan R. Dolman, Karen C. Short, Jodi S. Brandt, Mark A. Finney, T. Trevor Caughlin, Megan E. CattauKeywordsSourceJournal of Environmental ManagementYear2026
- Traditional solution-state NMR experiments may either fail or yield unsatisfactory results when employing fully-13C-labeled biomass due to complications arising from 13C−13C coupling. Constant-time analogs of HSQC experiments mitigate such issues and deliver enhanced sensitivity. A rarely reported CTHSQC- TOCSY experiment allows the proton coupling network to deliver much of the same value as the parent experiment on unlabeled or 10−15%-13C-labeled biomass polymers but with enhanced sensitivity. In the absence of a viable HMBC analog for long-range correlations, a relayed C−C experiment,...AuthorsJohn Ralph, Guy Lippens, Marco Tonelli, Charles G. Fry, Clemens Anklin, Fachuang Lu, Vitaliy I. Timokhin, Nuoendagula, Rebecca A. Smith, Sarah Liu, Sally Ralph, Wu Lan, Yuki Tobimatsu, Fengxia Yue, Yanding Li, Mirko Bunzel, Mathias Sorieul, Stefan Hill, Shawn D. Mansfield, Wout Boerjan, Marc Van Montagu, Jorge Rencoret, José C. del Río, Yu Gao, Jenny C. MortimerKeywordsSourceAnalytical ChemistryYear2026
- The building sector accounts for approximately 37% of global energy-related carbon emissions, and as operational efficiency improves, the share attributable to embodied carbon continues to grow. Mass timber has emerged as a promising structural alternative because of its lower embodied carbon, biogenic carbon storage, and potential to accelerate construction schedules. However, construction-stage energy use (A5) is often oversimplified in building life-cycle assessment, with previous studies frequently approximating it as a fixed percentage (∼3%) of total embodied energy rather than...AuthorsBaowen Zhang, Hongmei Gu, Paul CrovellaKeywordsSourceCase Studies in Construction MaterialsYear2026
- Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) offer a promising biodegradable packaging solution, yet their economic and environmental viability for large-scale fruit packaging applications remains under-explored. Based on lab-scale experimental data, this study presents a conceptualized industrial scale process for producing CNF-coated molded pulp (MP) trays with polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polylactic acid (PLA) lidding for packaging of fresh fruits such as cherry tomatoes and berries. A comprehensive techno-economic analysis (TEA) and life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted across five...AuthorsRahul Prasad Bangalore Ashok, Richard Bergman, Prakash Nepal, Jeffrey Paul Youngblood, Troy RungeKeywordsSourceACS Sustainable Chemistry & EngineeringYear2026
- Protecting the world’s remaining forests is central to climate and biodiversity goals, but is often assumed to impose large opportunity costs on forest-land producers. These costs are typically estimated by summing local foregone production, without accounting for market feedback. Here, we applied partial-equilibrium models to three scenarios protecting an additional 471–863 million hectares of forest, assuming a global 30% protection target by 2030. Despite reductions in harvestable area and roundwood production, global net output value in the forestry sector increases modestly, driven by...AuthorsPrakash Nepal, Anthony Waldron, Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Trisha Gopalakrishna, Martin JungKeywordsSourceNature CommunicationsYear2026