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Displaying 19,351 - 19,360 of 65,202 Publications- Recent studies revealed convergent temperature sensitivity of ecosystem respiration (Re) within aquatic ecosystems and between terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. We do not know yet whether various terrestrial ecosystems have consistent or divergent temperature sensitivity. Here, we synthesized 163 eddy covariance flux sites across the world and examined the global variation of the apparent activation energy (Ea), which characterizes the apparent temperature sensitivity of and its interannual variability (IAV) as well as their controlling factors.AuthorsBing Song, Shuli Niu, Ruise Luo, Yiqi Luo, Jiquan Chen, Guirui Yu, Janusz Olejnik, Georg Wohlfahrt, Gerard Kiely, Ako Noormets, Leonardo Montagnani, Alessandro Cescatti, Vincenzo Magliulo, Beverly Elizabeth Law, Magnus Lund, Andrej Varlagin, Antonio Raschi, Matthias Peichl, Mats B. Nilsson, Lutz MerboldKeywordsSourceJournal of Plant Ecology 7(5):419-428Year2014
- Aerosol emissions from prescribed fires can affect air quality on regional scales. Accurate representation of these emissions in models requires information regarding the amount and composition of the emitted species. We measured a suite of submicron particulate matter species in young plumes emitted from prescribed fires (chaparral and montane ecosystems in California; coastal plain ecosystem in South Carolina) and from open burning of over 15 individual plant species in the laboratory. We report emission ratios and emission factors for refractory black carbon (rBC) and submicron nonrefrac...AuthorsA. A. May, G. R. McMeeking, T. Lee, J. W. Taylor, J. S. Craven, I. Burling, A. P. Sullivan, S. Akagi, J. L. Collett, M. Flynn, H. Coe, Shawn P. Urbanski, J. H. Seinfeld, R. J. Yokelson, S. M. KreidenweisSourceJournal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres. 119: 11,826-11,849.Year2014
- Fungi play major roles in ecosystem processes, but the determinants of fungal diversity and biogeographic patterns remain poorly understood. Using DNA metabarcoding data from hundreds of globally distributed soil samples,we demonstrate that fungal richness is decoupled from plant diversity.The plant-to-fungus richness ratio declines exponentially toward the poles. Climatic factors, followed by edaphic and spatial variables, constitute the best predictors of fungal richness and community composition at the global scale. Fungi show similar latitudinal diversity gradients to other organisms,wi...AuthorsLeho Tedersoo, Mohammad Bahram, Sergei Põlme, Urmas Kõljalg, Nourou S. Yorou, Ravi Wijesundera, Luis Villarreal Ruiz, Aida M. Vasco-Palacios, Pham Quang Thu, Ave Suija, Matthew E. Smith, Cathy Sharp, Erki Saluveer, Alessandro Saitta, Miguel Rosas, Taavi Riit, David Ratkowsky, Karin Pritsch, Kadri Põldmaa, Meike Piepenbring, Cherdchai Phosri, Marko Peterson, Kaarin Parts, Kadri Pärtel, Eveli Otsing, Eduardo Nouhra, André L. Njouonkou, R. Henrik Nilsson, Luis N. Morgado, Jordan Mayor, Tom W. May, Luiza Majukim, D. Jean Lodge, Su See Lee, Karl-Henrik Larsson, Petr Kohout, Kentaro Hosaka, Indrek Hiiesalu, Terry W. Henkel, Helery Harend, Liang-dong Guo, Alina Greslebin, Gwen Gretlet, Jozsef Geml, Genevieve Gates, William Dunstan, Chris Dunk, Rein Drenkhan, John Dearnaley, André De Kesel, Tan Dang, Xin Chen, Franz Buegger, Francis Q. Brearley, Gregory Bonito, Sten Anslan, Sandra Abell, Kessy AbarenkovSourceSCIENCE, Volume 346, Issue 6213, 28 NOVEMBER 2014, pp. 1078 and 1256688/1-1256688/10.Year2014
- A method to pattern infrared-absorbing gold black by conventional photolithography and lift-off is described. A photo-resist pattern is developed on a substrate by standard photolithography. Gold black is deposited over the whole by thermal evaporation in an inert gas at ~ 1 Torr. SiO2 is then deposited as a protection layer by electron beam evaporation. Lift-off proceeds by dissolving the photoresist in acetone. The resulting sub-millimeter size gold black patterns that remain on the substrate retain high infrared absorption out to ~5 μm wavelength and exhibit good mechanical stability....AuthorsDeep Panjwani, Mehmet Yesiltas, Janardan Nath, D.E. Maukonen, Imen Rezadad, Evan M. Smith, R.E. Peale, Carol Hirschmugl, Julia Sedlmair, Ralf Wehlitz, Miriam Unger, Glenn BoremanKeywordsSourceInfrared Physics & Technology, Volume 62, 2014; pp. 94–99.Year2014
- Biotechnology has been practiced on chestnuts (Castanea spp.) for many decades, including vegetative propagation, controlled crossing followed by testing and selection, genetic and cytogenetic mapping, genetic modifi cation, and gene and genome sequencing. Vegetative propagation methods have ranged from grafting and rooting to somatic embryogenesis, often in coordination with breeding efforts and programs. More recently, particularly in the United States, chestnut biotechnology has included the analysis of genes and genomes with the goal of characterizing and fi nding disease resistance...AuthorsC.D. Nelson, W.A. Powell, S.A. Merkle, J.E. Carlson, F.V. Hebard, N Islam-Faridi, M.E. Staton, L. GeorgiKeywordsSourceIn: Biology and Biotechnology 656 Pages.Year2014
- Even if you don't sell logs or lumber to foreign customers, the international hardwood market can impact your business in significant ways, and smart business leaders are taking notice so that they are ready for shifting market impacts. Many people believe that lumber exporting is only an opportunity for larger sawmills. However, even if you have a portable mill operating somewhere in the Midwest and sell your higher grade lumber to a yard, there is a high probability that some of that lumber will eventually be exported. Furthermore, if you sell your lumber locally under prevailing market...AuthorsWilliam Luppold, Matt BumgardnerSourcePallet Enterprise. December: 20, 22, 24-25.Year2014
- Water availability is one of the key environmental factors that control ecosystem functions in temperate forests. Changing climate is likely to alter the ecohydrology and other ecosystem processes, which affect forest structures and functions. We constructed a multi-year water budget (2004–2010) and quantified environmental controls on an evapotranspiration (ET) in a 70- year-old mixed-oak woodland forest in northwest Ohio, USA. ET was measured using the eddy-covariance technique along with precipitation (P), soil volumetric water content (VWC), and shallow groundwater table fluctuation....AuthorsJing Xie, Ge Sun, Hou-Sen Chu, Junguo Liu, Steven G. McNulty, Asko Noormets, Ranjeet John, Zutao Ouyang, Tianshan Zha, Haitao Li, Wenbin Guan, Jiquan ChenKeywordsSourceHydrological Processes 28, 6054-6066.Year2014
- Elatobium abietinum Walker is a spruce-feeding aphid that in Europe is referred to as the green spruce aphid (Day et al., 1998a) (Fig. 1). However, in North America E. abietinum is known simply as the spruce aphid, while the common name "green spruce aphid" refers to a different species, Cinara fornacula Hottes (Hemiptera: Aphididae) (http://www.entsoc.org/common-names). Elatobium abietinum is green-bodied with dull reddish eyes, 1-2 mm long (Johnson and Lyon, 1991; Koot, 1991), and it feeds on mature needles of dormant and nearly dormant spruce (Picea). Synonyms of E. abietinum include...AuthorsAnn M. LynchKeywordsSourceFHTET-2013-2. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team. p. 259-270.Year2014
- The spruce beetle (Dendroctonus rufipennis) is known for extensive outbreaks resulting in high spruce mortality, but several recent outbreaks in the western United States have been among the largest and most severe in the documentary record. In the Pinaleño Mountains of southeast Arizona, U.S.A., an outbreak in the mid-1990s resulted in 85% mortality of Engelmann spruce >7 cm diameter. To put this outbreak into historical perspective, we used dendrochronology to examine the effects of host species’ distribution and growth rates on spruce beetle outbreak initiation, frequency and size over...AuthorsChristopher D. O'Connor, Ann M. Lynch, Donald A. Falk, Thomas W. SwetnamKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 336: 148-162.Year2014
- Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire, 1888 (type locality: China) is considered the senior synonym to A. marcopoli Obenberger, 1930 (type locality: China), A. marcopoli ulmi Kurosawa, 1956 (type locality: Japan), and A. feretrius Obenberger, 1936 (type locality: Taiwan) by Jendek (1994) in a revision of Eastern Palearctic Agrilus species. Agrilus is the largest genus in the family Buprestidae with ~2,800 described species worldwide (Bellamy, 2008). Adults of this genus are flashy, metallic-colored beetles, frequently collected using nets or traps. However, there is little interest in their...AuthorsLeah Bauer, Jian J. Duan, Juli R. GouldKeywordsSourceIn: Van Driesche, R.; Reardon, R., eds. The use of classical biological control to preserve forests in North America. FHTET-2013-02. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Forest Health Technology Enterprise Team: 189-209. Chapter XVII.Year2014