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Displaying 3,241 - 3,250 of 64,771 Publications- Understanding how soil thickness and bedrock weathering vary across ridge and valley topography is needed to constrain the flowpaths of water and sediment production within a landscape. Here, we investigate saprolite and weathered bedrock properties across a ridge-valley system in the Northern California Coast Ranges, USA, where topography varies with slope aspect such that north-facing slopes have thicker soils and are more densely vegetated than south-facing slopes. We use active source seismic refraction surveys to extend observations made in boreholes to the hillslope scale. Seismic...AuthorsBerit M. Hudson Rasmussen, Mong‐Han Huang, W. Jesse Hahm, Daniella M. Rempe, David Dralle, Mariel D. NelsonKeywordsSourceJournal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface. 128(7): 437.Year2023
- Mineral stabilization of soil organic matter is an important regulator of the global carbon (C) cycle. However, the vulnerability of mineral-stabilized organic matter (OM) to climate change is currently unknown. We examined soil profiles from 34 sites across the conterminous USA to investigate how the abundance and persistence of mineral-associated organic C varied with climate at the continental scale. Using a novel combination of radiocarbon and molecular composition measurements, we show that the relationship between the abundance and persistence of mineral-associated organic matter...AuthorsKatherine A. A. Heckman, Angela R. Possinger, Brian D. Badgley, Maggie M. Bowman, Adrian C. Gallo, Jeff A. Hatten, Lucas E. Nave, Michael D. SanClements, Chris Swanston, Tyler L. Weiglein, William R. Wieder, Brian D. StrahmKeywordsSourceProceedings of the National Academy of SciencesYear2023
- This study has proposed that organic matter transfer and transformation into and through a peatland is dominated by preferential loss of carbohydrates and the retention of lignin-like molecules. Here we used elemental analysis and thermogravimetric analysis to analyse the biomass, litter, peat soil profile, particulate organic matter, and dissolved organic matter fluxes sampled from a continental raised bog in comparison a maritime blanket bog. The macromolecular composition and thermodynamic analysis showed that in the raised bog there had been little or no transformation of the organic...AuthorsStephan Glatzel, Fred Worrall, Ian M. Boothroyd, Katherine A. A. HeckmanKeywordsSourceBiogeochemistryYear2023
- Globally, major efforts are being made to restore peatlands to maximise their resilience to anthropogenic climate change, which puts continuous pressure on peatland ecosystems and modifies the geography of the environmental envelope that underpins peatland functioning. A probable effect of climate change isreduction in the waterlogged conditions that are key to peatland formation and continued accumulation of carbon (C) in peat. C sequestration in peatlands arises from a delicate imbalance between primary production and decomposition, and microbial processes are potentially pivotal in...AuthorsClare H. Robinson, Jonathan P. Ritson, Danielle M. Alderson, Ashish A. Malik, Robert I Griffiths, Andreas Heinemeyer, Angela V Gallego-Sala, Anne Quillet, Bjorn J.M. Robroek, Chris Evans, Dave M. Chandler, David R. Elliott, Emma L. Shuttleworth, Erik Lilleskov, Ezra Kitson, Filipa Cox, Fred Worrall, Gareth D. Clay, Ian Crosher, Jennifer Pratscher, Jon Bird, Jonathan Walker, Lisa R. Belyea, Marc G. Dumont, Nichole G.A. Bell, Rebekka R.E. Artz, Richard D. Bardgett, Roxane Andersen, Simon M. Hutchinson, Susan E. Page, Tim J. Thom, William Burn, Martin G. EvansKeywordsSourceMires and PeatYear2023
- Although wetlands contain a disproportionately high amount of earth’s total soil carbon, many regions are still poorly mapped and with unquantified carbon stocks. The tropical Andes contain a high concentration of wetlands consisting mostly of wet meadows and peatlands, yet their total organic carbon stocks are poorly quantified, as well as the carbon fraction that wet meadows store compared to peatlands. Therefore, our goal was to quantify how soil carbon stocks vary between wet meadows and peatlands for a previously mapped Andean region, Huascarán National Park, Peru. Our secondary goal...AuthorsRodney A. Chimner, Sigrid C. Resh, John A. Hribljan, Michael Battaglia, Laura Bourgeau-Chavez, Gillian Bowser, Erik LilleskovKeywordsSourceFrontiers in Plant ScienceYear2023
- Peatland ecosystems cover only 3% of the world’s land area; however, they store one-third of the global soil carbon (C). Microbial communities are the main drivers of C decomposition in peatlands, yet we have limited knowledge of their structure and function. While the microbial communities in the Northern Hemisphere peatlands are well documented, we have limited understanding of microbial community composition and function in the Southern Hemisphere peatlands, especially in Australia. We investigated the vertical stratification of prokaryote and fungal communities from Wellington Plains...AuthorsChristina Birnbaum, Jennifer Wood, Erik Lilleskov, Louis James Lamit, James Shannon, Matthew Brewer, Samantha GroverKeywordsSourceMicrobial EcologyYear2023
- The Global Plant Health Assessment (GPHA) is a collective, volunteer-based effort to assemble expert opinions on plant health and disease impacts on ecosystem services based on published scientific evidence. The GPHA considers a range of forest, agricultural, and urban systems worldwide. These are referred to as (Ecoregion × Plant System), i.e., selected case examples involving keystone plants in given parts of the world. The GPHA focuses on infectious plant diseases and plant pathogens, but encompasses the abiotic (e.g., temperature, drought, and floods) and other biotic (e.g., animal...AuthorsIvette Acuña, Jorge Andrade-Piedra, Didier Andrivon, Josep Armengol, A. Elizabeth Arnold, Jacques Avelino, Ranajit Bandyopadhyay, Wubetu Bihon Legesse, Clive H. Bock, Federica Bove, Tania Brenes-Arguedas, Agnès Calonnec, Marcelo Carmona, Angus J. Carnegie, Nancy P. Castilla, Xianming Chen, Helvecio Della Coletta-Filho, Phyllis D. Coley, Kerik D. Cox, Triona Davey, Emerson Del Ponte, Sandra Denman, Marie-Laure Desprez-Loustau, Megan M. Dewdney, Annika Djurle, André Drenth, Alexis Ducousso, Paul Esker, Komi M. Fiaboe, Paul Hendrik Fourie, Susan J. Frankel, Pascal Frey, Sara Garcia-Figuera, Karen A. Garrett, Maxime Guérin, Giles E. St. J. Hardy, Hans Hausladen, Xiaoping Hu, Daniel Hüberli, Jennifer Juzwik, Zhensheng Kang, Lawrence Kenyon, Jan Kreuze, Peter Kromann, Jerome Kubiriba, Paulo Kuhnem, J. Kumar, P. Lava Kumar, Marc-Henri Lebrun, James P. Legg, Anna Leon, Zhanhong Ma, George Mahuku, Robert O. Makinson, Cristina Marzachi, Bruce A. McDonald, Neil McRoberts, Abebe Menkir, Alexey Mikaberidze, Isabel A. Munck, Andrew Nelson, Nga Thi Thu Nguyen, Emer O’Gara, Peter Ojiambo, Alejandro Ortega-Beltran, Pierce Paul, Sarah Pethybridge, Jean Pinon, Tod Ramsfield, David M. Rizzo, Vittorio Rossi, Irda Safni, Sonam Sah, Alberto Santini, Francisco Sautua, Serge Savary, Pepijn Schreinemachers, Manjari Singh, Erin R. Spear, Ramasamy Srinivasan, Leena Tripathi, Antonio Vicent, Altus Viljoen, Laetitia Willocquet, Alex John Woods, Boming Wu, Xianchun Xia, Xiangming Xu, Jonathan Yuen, Paul-Camilo Zalamea, Changyong ZhouKeywordsSourcePlant Disease. 107(12): 3649-3665.Year2023
- Barred Owls (Strix varia) have recently expanded westward from eastern North America, contributing to substantial declines in Northern Spotted Owls (Strix occidentalis caurina). Passive acoustic monitoring (PAM) represents a potentially powerful approach for tracking range expansions like the Barred Owl’s, but further methods development is needed to ensure that PAM-informed occupancy models meaningfully reflect population processes. Focusing on the leading edge of the Barred Owl range expansion in coastal California, we used a combination of PAM data, GPS-tagging, and active surveys to...AuthorsWhitney Watson, Connor Wood, Kevin Kelly, Daniel Hofstadter, Nicholas Kryshak, Ceeanna Zulla, Sheila Whitmore, Virginia O’Rourke, John J. Keane, M Zachariah. PeeryKeywordsSourceOrnithological Applications. 125(3): 106131.Year2023
- Predator populations are imperiled globally, due in part to changing habitat and trophic interactions. Theoretical and laboratory studies suggest that heterogeneous landscapes containing prey refuges acting as source habitats can benefit both predator and prey populations, although the importance of heterogeneity in natural systems is uncertain. Here, we tested the hypothesis that landscape heterogeneity mediates predator–prey interactions between the California spotted owl (Strix occidentalis occidentalis)—a mature forest species—and one of its principal prey, the dusky-footed woodrat...AuthorsCorbin C. Kuntze, Jonathan N. Pauli, Ceeanna J. Zulla, John J. Keane, Kevin N. Roberts, Brian P. Dotters, Sarah Sawyer, M. Zachariah. PeeryKeywordsSourceEcological Applications. 33(8): e2908.Year2023
- Increased water scarcity and drought frequency are creating water management challenges for many communities in the western U.S. In response, the Western Association of Agricultural Experiment Station Directors sponsored a virtual summit in August 2020 to develop a framework for identifying and addressing the most pressing water issues in the western United States (the West). Summit attendees were research scientists, university extension specialists and professionals, and federal/state agency representatives with knowledge and expertise of water management in the West. The summit elicited...AuthorsTravis Warziniack, Robert Heinse, Alexander Fernald, Michael Gaffney, Kristiana Hansen, Bret Hess, Lyla Houglum, Ginger Paige, Qin ZhangKeywordsSourceJournal of Contemporary Water Research and Education. 178: 47-56.Year2023