Treesearch

Many hibernating bats in thermally stable, subterranean roosts have experienced precipitous declines from white-nose syndrome (WNS). However, some WNS-affected species also use thermally unstable roosts during winter that may impact their torpor patterns and WNS susceptibility. From November to March 2017–19, we used temperature-sensitive transmitters to document winter torpor patterns of tricolored bats (Perimyotis subflavus) using thermally unstable roosts in the upper Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Daily mean roost temperature was 12.9 ± 4.9°C SD in bridges and 11.0 ± 4.6°C in...

This chapter provides methodologies and guidance for reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sinks at the entity scale for cropland and grazing land systems: Section 3.1 provides an overview of cropland and grazing land systems management practices and their resulting GHG emissions, system boundaries and temporal scale, a summary of the selected methods, data requirements and sources, and estimating GHG emissions. Section 3.2 provides the estimation methods. A single method is provided for each of the GHG emission sources (and sinks), based on the best available method for application...

This chapter provides methodologies and guidance on estimating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or carbon removals (i.e., sequestration) associated with entity-level activities of the forestry sector: Section 5.1 provides an overview of management practices and resulting GHG emissions or carbon removals, including silviculture practices and treatments, harvested wood products (HWPs), urban forest management, and wildfire and prescribed fire.1 It also discusses system boundaries and temporal scale, the selected methods/models, and sources of data. Section 5.2 provides the methods for estimatin...

This chapter provides methodologies and guidance for reporting greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and sinks at the entity scale for managed wetland systems. More specifically, it focuses on methods for managed palustrine wetlands. Section 6.1 provides an overview of wetland systems and resulting GHG emissions, system boundaries and temporal scale, and a summary of the selected methods/models and its sources of data. Section 6.2 provides the estimation methods for biomass carbon in wetlands and soil carbon, N2O, and CH4 emissions and sinks. A single method is provided for each source presented...

Outbreaks of European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus, often follow storms, and can result in losses of Norway spruce, Picea abies, that largely exceed those caused by storms alone. Management actions to reduce P. abieslosses attributed to I. typographusmainly consist of salvage and sanitation logging of windthrown P. abies, which are sometimes limited by logistic capacities and constraints. Recent outbreaks across Europe have destroyed large areas of P. abiesforests, and are expected to further intensify as a consequence of climate change, so that additional tools are needed for...

More than 100 years of fire exclusion, logging, grazing, and other human activities have contributed to uncharacteristically high tree densities in the dry conifer forests of the western United States. Mechanical forest treatments using heavy machinery or chainsaws to remove trees are being used widely to create a more open and diverse overstory, especially in situations where prescribed fire is not feasible. It has not been clear how these treatments affect the understory, particularly over longer time frames. To help managers better assess what is happening in the understory, Rocky...

Cold-air pooling is an important topoclimatic process that creates temperature inversions with the coldest air at the lowest elevations. Incomplete understanding of sub-canopy spatiotemporal cold-air pooling dynamics and associated ecological impacts hinders predictions and conservation actions related to climate change and cold-dependent species and functions. To determine if and how cold-air pooling influences forest composition, we characterized the frequency, strength, and temporal dynamics of cold-air pooling in the sub-canopy at local to regional scales in New England, USA. We...

The rivers that flow through National Forest System (NFS) lands provide invaluable ecosystem services. For over 60 million people, they are sources of water for downstream municipalities. Wildlife depends upon their riparian ecosystems for habitat and migration corridors. And rivers also provide recreational opportunities and tourism revenue.

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Bioenergy Technology Office's (BETO) 2023 Billion-Ton Report (BT23) is the 4th in a series of assessments of potential biomass resources available in the United States. BT23 explores these resources in terms of quantity, price, geographical density and distribution, and market maturity. Resource quantities in this report are limited by specified economic and environmental sustainability constraints. Good practices are needed to ensure biomass production has positive environmental outcomes. Visit the 2023 Billion-Ton Report: An Assessment of U.S. Renewable...

Spruce beetle, Dendroctonus rufipennis(Kirby) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is the most destructive pest of mature spruce (Picea) in western North America. Recent outbreaks in Alaska and other western US states highlight the need for tools to protect Piceafrom D. rufipennis. The primary antiaggregation pheromone of D. rufipennis(3-methylcyclohex-2-en-1-one, MCH) and various combinations of potential repellents (1-octen-3-ol, exo-brevicomin, endo-brevicomin, ipsdienol, ipsenol, limonene, and verbenone) were tested for their ability to disrupt the response of D. rufipennisto attractant-baited...