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Displaying 3,501 - 3,510 of 65,140 Publications- Soil organic carbon (SOC) comprises particulate (POC) and mineral-associated organic carbon (MAOC), which differ in formation, stabilization, and loss mechanisms. While the current global distribution of POC and MAOC is characterized, their vulnerability under future climate scenarios remains unclear. Using 3284 topsoil (0-30 cm) observations from six continents, we identify high-latitude soils as global hotspots of SOC vulnerability under shared socioeconomic pathway scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, and SSP585). Under a high-emission scenario (SSP585), high-latitude soils are projected to lose...AuthorsSiyi Sun, M. Francesca Cotrufo, R. A. Viscarra Rossel, Carsten W. Mueller, Morimaru Kida, Ailsa G. Hardie, Alec Mackay, Alexander Krichels, Wulf Amelung, Amit Kumar, Azamat Suleymanov, Baoku Shi, Bernard Jackson Cosby, César Plaza, César Terrer, Chang Liang, Chang Liao, Christopher Just, Ding Guo, Emanuele Lugato, Enqing Hou, Fan Ding, Fazhu Zhao, Feng Tao, Fernando T. Maestre, Franco Bilotto, Fuzhong Wu, Gisela V. García, Gongwen Luo, Guangxuan Han, Guillermo A. Studdert, Guillermo Hernandez-Ramirez, Guoxiang Niu, Gervasio Piñeiro, Gustavo Saiz, Haikuo Zhang, Hamada Abdelrahman, Haodi Xu, Inma Lebron, Irina Kurganova, Jennifer Blesh, Jeppe Å. Kristensen, Ji Liu, Jiacong Zhou, Jianping Wu, Jitendra Ahirwal, Junji Cao, Jørgen E. Olesen, Karin Kauer, Katerina Georgiou, Kees Jan van Groenigen, Kristof Van Oost, Kwame Agyei Frimpong, Lei Deng, Liane G. Benning, Liang Guo, Lizzie Mujuru, Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo, Maoz Dor, Mehdi Rahmati, Min Luo, Olga Kalinina, Olli Hyvärinen, Pablo García-Palacios, Paige Hansen, Patra Rounak, Pengpeng Duan, Pengzhi Zhao, Peter M. Homyak, Rajan Ghimire, Renaldas Žydelis, Roland Bol, Ronaldo Vibart, Ruiying Chang, Ruyi Luo, Sebastián Villarino, Shuai Xue, Shuli Niu, Shuotong Chen, Tengfei Yu, Steven J. Hall, Thomas Kätterer, Tida Ge, Vusumuzi Erick Mbanjwa, Vyacheslav M. Semenov, Weixing Liu, Weiyu Shi, Wei Zhang, Wolfgang Wanek, Wolfram Buss, Xiangrong Cheng, Xiankai Lu, Xiaojun Shi, Xiaoli Cheng, Xiaorong Wei, Xiaotong Liu, Xuhui Zhou, Yahya Kooch, Yangquanwei Zhong, Yanjiang Cai, Yan Yang, Yiqi Luo, Yixuan Zhang, Yunbin Qin, Yunting Fang, Yuting Liang, Yuyi Li, Zengming Chen, Zhanfeng Liu, Zhaoliang Song, Zhongkui Luo, Zhisheng An, Ji ChenSourceNature CommunicationsYear2023
- Terrestrial LiDAR scans (TLS) offer a rich data source for high-fidelity vegetation characterization, addressing the limitations of traditional fuel sampling methods by capturing spatially explicit distributions that have a significant impact on fire behavior. However, large volumes of complex, high resolution data are difficult to use directly in wildland fire models. In this study, we introduce a novel method that employs a voxelization technique to convert high-resolution TLS data into fine-grained reference voxels, which are subsequently aggregated into lower-fidelity fuel cells for...AuthorsAnthony A. Marcozzi, Jesse V. Johnson, Russell A. Parsons, Sarah J. Flanary, Carl A. Seielstad, Jacob Z. DownsSourceFireYear2023
- Lignin is an abundant polymer in plant secondary cell walls. Prototypical lignins derive from the polymerization of monolignols (hydroxycinnamyl alcohols), mainly coniferyl and sinapyl alcohol, via combinatorial radical coupling reactions and primarily via the endwise coupling of a monomer with the phenolic end of the growing polymer. Hydroxycinnamaldehyde units have long been recognized as minor components of lignins. In plants deficient in cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase, the last enzyme in the monolignol biosynthesis pathway that reduces hydroxycinnamaldehydes to monolignols, chain-incorp...AuthorsKoichi Yoshioka, Hoon Kim, Fachuang Lu, Nette De Ridder, Ruben Vanholme, Shinya Kajita, Wout Boerjan, John RalphKeywordsSourcePlant PhysiologyYear2023
- Background. Shortleaf pine is a fire-adapted tree species, and prescribed fire is commonly used to increase its regeneration success, improve wildlife habitat, and reach conservation objectives associated with open forest ecosystems. We studied direct effects of heat and smoke on shortleaf pine germination in a greenhouse study and effects of season of burning on the number of new germinants in a field study. Improved understanding of fire effects on shortleaf pine seed and regeneration success can help refine burn prescriptions to better meet specific management objectives. Results....AuthorsHope Fillingim, Benjamin O. Knapp, John M. Kabrick, Michael C. Stambaugh, Grant P. Elliott, Daniel C. DeyKeywordsSourceFire EcologyYear2023
- The relationship between snowmelt and spring streamflow is changing under warming temperatures and diminishing snowpack. At the same time, the hydrologic connectivity across catchment landscape elements, such as snowpack and surface wetlands, can play a critical role in controlling the routing of snowmelt to streams. The role of hydrologic connectivity is important in headwater regions of the continental northern latitudes, where catchments have low topographic relief and seasonally frozen ground. Nevertheless, the effects of soil frost on the sequence, timing, and magnitudes of hydrologic...AuthorsMariel W. Jones, Stephen D. Sebestyen, Salli F. Dymond, G.H. Crystal Ng, Xue FengKeywordsSourceJournal of HydrologyYear2023
- Despite the large body of theory concerning multiple disturbances, relatively few attempts have been made to test the theoretical assumptions of how and if disturbances interact. Of particular importance is whether disturbance events are linked, as this can influence the probability and intensity of ecological change. Disturbances are linked when one disturbance event increases or decreases the likelihood or extent of another. To this end, we used two long-term, multi-disturbance experiments in northern Wisconsin to determine whether earthworm invasion is linked to canopy gap creation and...AuthorsSamuel P. Reed, Dustin Bronson, Jodi A. Forrester, Leah M. Prudent, Anna M. Yang, Austin M. Yantes, Peter B. Reich, Lee E. FrelichKeywordsSourceEcologyYear2023
- Droughts are major climate events that have strong negative effects on water resources for both natural and human systems worldwide. In the Caribbean, droughts have affected agricultural production and local economies and have diminished the quality of life for the general population (Álvarez-Berríos et al. 2018). Better monitoring, forecasting, and planning efforts could certainly lead to improved ways of coping with the impacts of droughts in this region. Strong negative effects of droughts in Puerto Rico (PR) and the U.S. Virgin Islands (USVI) stress the need to build resilience at...AuthorsJoel A. Mercado-Díaz, Eva Holupchinski, Nora Alvarez-Berrios, William A. Gould, Paul Miller, Thomas Mote, Craig Ramseyer, Grizelle GonzalezSourceBulletin of the American Meteorological SocietyYear2023
- Fire-induced turbulence and the feedback into the fire, following ambient changes, differ for forested (subcanopy) and grassland environments. Here, we synthesize observations from multiple experimental surface fires: two sub-canopy backing fires, one sub-canopy heading fire, and a grassland heading fire. We identify and compare the most essential coherent structures and processes of each case from the turbulent momentum fluxes and turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) budget terms. In the sub-canopy burns, turbulent eddies are strongest near the canopy top: high streamwise turbulent flux...AuthorsAjinkya Desai, Warren E. E. Heilman, Nicholas Skowronski, Ken Clark, Michael R. Gallagher, Craig B. Clements, Tirtha BanerjeeKeywordsSourceAgricultural and Forest MeteorologyYear2023
- In deciduous forests, spring leaf development and fall leaf senescence regulate the timing and duration of photosynthesis and transpiration. Being able to model these dates is therefore critical to accurately representing ecosystem processes in biogeochemical models. Despite this, there has been relatively little effort to improve internal phenology predictions in widely used biogeochemical models. Here, we optimized the phenology algorithms in a regionally developed biogeochemical model (PnET-CN) using phenology data from eight mid-latitude PhenoCam sites in eastern North America. We then...AuthorsAaron Teets, Amey Bailey, Koen Hufkens, Scott Ollinger, Christina Schädel, Bijan Seyednasrollah, Andrew D. RichardsonKeywordsSourceOecologiaYear2023
- Forests deliver contrasting ecosystem services in relation to water, both provisioning it through filtration and recharge, and consuming it through evapotranspiration. Understanding forest evapotranspiration is critical for landscapes managed in part for the social benefits of their water provisioning ecosystem services. We used the flux disaggregation algorithm for the Atmosphere-Land Exchange Inverse model (DisALEXI) with remotely sensed data to characterize landscape-scale evapotranspiration at 30-m spatial resolution over the forested coastal plain Pinelands of southern New Jersey,...AuthorsBernard N. Isaacson, Yun Yang, Martha C. Anderson, Ken Clark, Jason C. GraboskyKeywordsSourceAgricultural and Forest MeteorologyYear2023