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Displaying 3,801 - 3,810 of 64,721 Publications- Many models are designed to generate future predictions under climate-change scenarios. Such models are typically calibrated for a study area with climate data that represent historical conditions. However, future projections of the model may include outputs for which the model has not been calibrated. Ideally, a climate-change-impacts model would be calibrated for recent conditions and also for possible future climate conditions. We demonstrate an approach, where a vegetation model is subjected to two calibrations: conventionally to the study area and separately to the study area plus...AuthorsEllynne Kutschera, John B. Kim, G. Stephen Pitts, Ray DrapekSourceLand. 12(6): 1121.Year2023
- Classification of remotely sensed imagery for reliable land use and land cover (LULC) remains a challenge in areas where spectrally similar LULC features occur. For example, bare soils of harvested crop fields in agricultural watersheds exhibit spectral characteristics similar to high intensity developed regions and impede an accurate classification. The goal of this study is to improve the accuracy of LULC classification of satellite imagery for the Big Sunflower River Watershed, Mississippi using ancillary data, multiple classification methods, and a post-classification correction (PCC)....AuthorsPadmanava Dash, Scott L. Sanders, Prem Parajuli, Ying OuyangKeywordsSourceRemote SensingYear2023
- Color variation is a frequent evolutionary substrate for camouflage in small mammals, but the underlying genetics and evolutionary forces that drive color variation in natural populations of large mammals are mostly unexplained. The American black bear, Ursus americanus (U. americanus), exhibits a range of colors including the cinnamon morph, which has a similar color to the brown bear, U. arctos, and is found at high frequency in the American southwest. Reflectance and chemical melanin measurements showed little distinction between U. arctos and cinnamon U. americanus individuals. We...AuthorsEmily E. Puckett, Isis S. Davis, Dawn C. Harper, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Gopal Battu, Jerrold L. Belant, Dean E. Beyer, Colin Carpenter, Anthony P. Crupi, Maria Davidson, Christopher S. DePerno, Nicholas Forman, Nicholas L. Fowler, David L. Garshelis, Nicholas Gould, Kerry Gunther, Mark Haroldson, Shosuke Ito, David Kocka, Carl Lackey, Ryan Leahy, Caitlin Lee-Roney, Tania Lewis, Ashley Lutto, Kelly McGowan, Colleen Olfenbuttel, Mike Orlando, Alexander Platt, Matthew D. Pollard, Megan Ramaker, Heather Reich, Jaime L. Sajecki, Stephanie K. Sell, Jennifer Strules, Seth Thompson, Frank van Manen, Craig Whitman, Ryan Williamson, Frederic Winslow, Christopher B. Kaelin, Michael S. Marks, Gregory S. BarshSourceCurrent BiologyYear2023
- Understanding prey consumption patterns is critical to understanding the ways in which seabirds cope with a changing ocean. However, characterizing the dietary habitats of seabirds can be challenging. In this study, we investigated the diet of the Marbled Murrelet Brachyramphus marmoratus population that lives in waters off California, Oregon, and Washington, USA, using fecal DNA, custom metabarcoding, and high-throughput sequencing. Murrelets were captured at sea by dip-netting at night. Across this region, murrelets consumed highly diverse prey types including 17 fish species and 10...AuthorsEmily D. Fountain, Paige J. Kulzer, Richard T. Golightly, James W. Rivers, Scott F. Pearson, Martin G. Raphael, Matthew G. Betts, S. Kim Nelson, Daniel Roby, Nicholas F. Kryshak, Stephanie Schneider, M. Zachariah. PeeryKeywordsSourceMarine Ornithology. 51(2): 145–155.Year2023
- Fledgling encounter rates at sea were used as measures of annual reproductive performance for Common Murres Uria aalge and Marbled Murrelets Brachyramphus marmoratus over 29 years in two marine biogeographic regions off the coast of Oregon, USA, north and south of Cape Blanco. In both bioregions, the adult murre population was much larger and the encounter rate of murre fledglings was much higher than for murrelets overall, but the apparent decline in productivity during El Niño events and years of poor foraging was significantly greater in murres than in murrelets. We conclude that...AuthorsCraig S. Strong, Adam DuarteKeywordsSourceMarine Ornithology. 51(2): 187–194.Year2023
- The efficacy of a spray-on combination formula containing the insecticides thiamethoxam and chlorantraniliprole was tested against subterranean termites using a covered ground proximity test. The test consisted of six treatments, five were chemical treatments and one was water control. Southern pine wood samples were treated with varying rates or treatment methods of the aforementioned insecticide combination, chlorantraniliprole alone, borate alone, or no chemical (water) treatment. Treated samples were installed at the Harrison Experimental Forest in Saucier, Mississippi using a modified...AuthorsMark E. Mankowski, Lukas DantKeywordsSourceAWPA proceedingsYear2023
- Thermally modified wood (TMW) is a growing trend in North America in areas of low decay and insect pressure. Thermal modification improves dimensional stability, decreases moisture uptake, and results in a darkened color that resembles tropical hardwoods. More testing is needed in severe decay situations and in areas of high termite pressure to fully understand the boundaries of its material performance. Within the AWPA, the P9 subcommittee (non-biocidal wood protectants) has been working to develop test methodologies and appropriate use category designations for TMW materials. The Forest...AuthorsGrant T. Kirker, Mark E. Mankowski, Matt AroSourceAWPA proceedingsYear2023
- Fire-exclusion has acted as a major perturbation on dry conifer forests in the western United States, increasing tree density and, in mixed-conifer forests, the dominance of shade-tolerant species. Restoration efforts aim to reverse these effects by reducing stand density, restoring relative proportions of tree species, and reintroducing recurrent fire, but there are limited long-term data on the effects of repeated burning on tree regeneration. We analyzed two decades of seedling and overstory data from the Teakettle Experimental Forest in the southern Sierra Nevada, California, United...AuthorsCarolina J. May, Harold Zald, Malcolm P. North, Andrew Gray, Matthew D. HurteauKeywordsSourceRestoration Ecology. 31(5): e13863.Year2023
- White-nose syndrome (WNS) has notably affected the abundance of Myotis lucifugus(little brown myotis) in North America. Thus far, substantial mortality has been restricted to the eastern part of the continent where the cause of WNS, the invasive fungus Pseudogymnoascus destructans, has infected bats since 2006. To date, the state of Washington is the only area in the Western US or Canada (the Rocky Mountains and further west in North America) with confirmed cases of WNS in bats, and there the disease has spread more slowly than it did in Eastern North America. Here, we review differences...AuthorsKaren Blejwas, Laura Beard, Joseph Buchanan, Cori L. Lausen, Daniel Neubaum, Abigail Tobin, Ted WellerKeywordsSourceJournal of Wildlife Diseases. 59(3): 381–397Year2023
- A forester set up a large-scale, 1600-m fire-break trial with red alder (Alnus rubraBong.) inter-planted between Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesiiMirb Franco), after the extensive 1927 Yacolt Burn in the Columbia Gorge. This now 90-year-old trial demonstrates dramatic effects of alder on soils and growth of Douglas-fir; it also provides a timely lesson for foresters deciding what to do after recent similar fires in western Oregon and Washington. We used 2015 airborne lidar to re-examine the trial effects. Douglas-fir trees in stands mixed with alder (Strip) continue to grow taller than...AuthorsBernard Bormann, Courtney R. Bobsin, Robert McGaughey, John C. Gordon, Brett A. Morrissette, Ally KruperKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 537: 120959.Year2023