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Displaying 5,351 - 5,360 of 64,753 Publications- This open access book synthesizes current information on wildland fire smoke in the United States, providing a scientific foundation for addressing the production of smoke from wildland fires. This will be increasingly critical as smoke exposure and degraded air quality are expected to increase in extent and severity in a warmer climate. Accurate smoke information is a foundation for helping individuals and communities to effectively mitigate potential smoke impacts from wildfires and prescribed fires. The book documents our current understanding of smoke science for (1) primary physical,...AuthorsDavid L. Peterson, Sarah M. McCaffrey, Toral Patel-WeynandKeywordsSourceCham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG. 341 p. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-87045-4.Year2022
- Recent large wildfires in the USA have exposed millions of people to smoke, with major implications for health and other social and economic values. Prescribed burning for ecosystem health purposes and hazardous fuel reduction also adds smoke to the atmosphere, in some cases affecting adjacent communities. However, we currently lack an appropriate assessment framework that looks past the planned versus unplanned nature of a fire and assesses the environmental conditions under which particular fires burn, their socio-ecological settings, and implications for smoke production and management....AuthorsDavid L. Peterson, Daniel A. Jaffe, Sarah M. McCaffrey, John Hall, Timothy J. BrownKeywordsSourceIn: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Year2022
- Modeling smoke dispersion from wildland fires is a complex problem. Heat and emissions are released from a fire front as well as from post-frontal combustion, and both are continuously evolving in space and time, providing an emission source that is unlike the industrial sources for which most dispersion models were originally designed. Convective motions driven by the fire’s heat release strongly couple the fire to the atmosphere, influencing the development and dynamics of the smoke plume. This chapter examines how fire events are described in the smoke modeling process and explores new...AuthorsScott Goodrick, Leland Tarnay, Bret A. Anderson, Janice L. Coen, James H. Furman, Rodman Linn, Philip J. Riggan, Christopher C. SchmidtKeywordsSourceIn: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Year2022
- Smoke plume dynamic science focuses on understanding the various smoke processes that control the movement and mixing of smoke. A current challenge facing this research is providing timely and accurate smoke information for the increasing area burned by wildfires in the western USA. This chapter synthesizes smoke plume research from the past decade to evaluate the current state of science and identify future research needs. Major advances have been achieved in measurements and modeling of smoke plume rise, dispersion, transport, and superfog; interactions with fire, atmosphere, and canopy;...AuthorsYongqiang Liu, Warren E. E. Heilman, Brian Potter, Craig B. Clements, William A. Jackson, Nancy H. F. French, Scott Goodrick, Adam K. Kochanski, Narasimhan K. Larkin, Peter W. Lahm, Timothy J. Brown, Joshua P. Schwarz, Sara M. Strachan, Fengjun ZhaoKeywordsSourceIn: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Year2022
- This chapter assesses the current state of the science regarding the composition, intensity, and drivers of wildland fire emissions in the USA and Canada. Globally and in the USA wildland fires are a major source of gases and aerosols which have significant air quality impacts and climate interactions. Wildland fire smoke can trigger severe pollution episodes with substantial effects on public health. Fire emissions can degrade air quality at considerable distances downwind, hampering efforts by air regulators to meet air standards. Fires are a major global source of aerosols which affect...AuthorsShawn P. Urbanski, Susan O'Neill, Amara L. Holder, Sarah A. Green, Rick L. GrawKeywordsSourceIn: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Year2022
- Smoke chemistry (i.e., chemical transformations taking place within smoke plumes) can alter the composition and toxicity of smoke on time scales from minutes to days. Air quality agencies need better information on and better models of smoke chemistry to more accurately characterize the contributions of smoke to ambient ozone and particulate matter, and to better predict good windows for prescribed burning. The ability of these agencies to quantify the contributions of wildland fires to air pollutants and the ability of forest and burn managers to both predict and mitigate these impacts...AuthorsMatthew J. Alvarado, Kelley C. Barsanti, Serena H. Chung, Daniel A. Jaffe, Charles T. MooreSourceIn: Peterson, David L.; McCaffrey, Sarah M.; Patel-Weynand, Toral, eds. 2022. Wildland Fire Smoke in the United States: A Scientific Assessment. Cham, Switzerland: Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Year2022
- Wildfire affects hundreds of wildland-urban interface communities each year, and yet most communities lack data reflecting the conditions before an event. This study was conducted before the devastating 2020 East Troublesome Fire1, which spread across 193,812 acres and resulted in two lives lost and 366 homes and 214 other structures burned. The fire’s dramatic run threatened over 7,000 structures and led to a mandatory evacuation of over 35,000 people in Grand and Larimer Counties. The data reported here serve as baseline data to aid in understanding the parcel and social conditions...AuthorsHannah Brenkert-Smith, Abby E. McConnell, Schelly Olson, Adam Gosey, James R. Meldrum, Patricia A. Champ, Jamie Gomez, Christopher M. Barth, Colleen Donovan, Carolyn Wagner, Julia GoolsbyKeywordsSourceRes. Note RMRS-RN-94. Fort Collins, CO: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station. 178 p. https://doi.org/10.2737/RMRS-RN-94.Year2022
- A science-management adaptation partnership was developed among the Columbia River Gorge National Scenic Area, Mount Hood National Forest, and Willamette National Forest, and other organizations (hereafter referred to as CMWAP) to identify climate change issues relevant for resource management in central Oregon and southern Washington). This partnership assessed the vulnerability of natural resources to climate change and developed adaptation options that minimize negative impacts of climate change and facilitate transition of ecosystems and organizations to a warmer climate. The vulnerabil...AuthorsJessica Halofsky, David L. Peterson, Rebecca A. GravenmierKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PNW-GTR-1001. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station. 469 p.Year2022
Drought-induced decoupling between carbon uptake and tree growth impacts forest carbon turnover time
The ability of forests to withstand, and recover from, acute drought stress is a critical uncertainty regarding the impacts of climate change on the terrestrial carbon (C) cycle, but it is unclear how drought responses scale from individual trees to whole forests. Here, we assembled a dataset of tree-ring chronologies co-located within the footprint of eddy covariance towers across North America and Europe, with the aim of quantifying the sensitivity of tree radial growth versus gross primary productivity (GPP) during and following drought. We found that drought induced a large decoupling...AuthorsSteven A. Kannenberg, Antoine Cabon, Flurin Babst, Soumaya Belmecheri, Nicolas Delpierre, Rossella Guerrieri, Justin T. Maxwell, Frederick Meinzer, David Moore, Christoforos Pappas, Masahito Ueyama, Danielle E.M. Ulrich, Steven L. Voelker, David R. Woodruff, William R.L. AndereggKeywordsSourceAgricultural and Forest Meteorology. 322: 108996.Year2022- Managing wildlife populations in the face of global change requires regular data on the abundance and distribution of wild animals, but acquiring these over appropriate spatial scales in a sustainable way has proven challenging. Here we present the data from Snapshot USA 2020, a second annual national mammal survey of the USA. This project involved 152 scientists setting camera traps in a standardized protocol at 1485 locations across 103 arrays in 43 states for a total of 52,710 trap-nights of survey effort. Most (58) of these arrays were also sampled during the same months (September and...AuthorsMark J. Jordan, L. Mark Elbroch, Dylan Bergman, Sara Cendejas‐Zarelli, Kim Sager‐Fradkin, Mike Conner, Gail Morris, Elizabeth Parsons, Haydée Hernández‐Yáñez, William J. McShea, Roland Kays, Michael V Cove, Jose Diaz, Kimberly Todd, Claire Bresnan, Matt Snider, Thomas E. Lee, Jonathan G. Jasper, Brianna Douglas, Anthony P. Crupi, Katherine C. B. Weiss, Helen Rowe, Tiffany Sprague, Jan Schipper, Christopher A. Lepczyk, Jean E. Fantle‐Lepczyk, Jon Davenport, Marketa Zimova, Zach Farris, Jacque Williamson, M. Caitlin Fisher‐Reid, Drew Rezendes, Sean M. King, Petros Chrysafis, Alex J. Jensen, David S. Jachowski, Katherine C. King, Daniel J. Herrera, Sophie Moore, Marius van der Merwe, Jason V Lombardi, Maksim Sergeyev, Michael E. Tewes, Robert V Horan, Michael S. Rentz, Ace Driver, La Roy S. E. Brandt, Christopher Nagy, Peter Alexander, Sean P. Maher, Andrea K. Darracq, Evan G. Barr, George Hess, Stephen L. Webb, Mike D. Proctor, John P. Vanek, Diana J. R. Lafferty, Tru Hubbard, Jaime E. Jiménez, Craig McCain, Jorie Favreau, Jack Fogarty, Jacob Hill, Steven Hammerich, Morgan Gray, Christine C. Rega‐Brodsky, Caleb Durbin, Elizabeth A. Flaherty, Jarred Brooke, Stephanie S. Coster, Richard G. Lathrop, Katarina Russell, Daniel A. Bogan, Hila Shamon, Brigit Rooney, Aimee Rockhill, Robert C. Lonsinger, M. Teague O'Mara, Justin A. Compton, Erika L. Barthelmess, Katherine E. Andy, Jerrold L. Belant, Tyler Petroelje, Nathaniel H. Wehr, Dean E. Beyer, Daniel G. Scognamillo, Chris Schalk, Kara Day, Caroline N. Ellison, Chip Ruthven, Blaine Nunley, Sarah Fritts, Christopher A. Whittier, Sean A. Neiswenter, Robert Pelletier, Brett A. DeGregorio, Erin K. Kuprewicz, Miranda L. Davis, Carolina Baruzzi, Marcus A. Lashley, Brandon McDonald, David Mason, Derek R. Risch, Maximilian L. Allen, Laura S. Whipple, Jinelle H. Sperry, Emmarie Alexander, Patrick J. Wolff, Robert H. Hagen, Alessio Mortelliti, Amay Bolinjcar, Andrew M. Wilson, Scott Van Norman, Cailey Powell, Henry Coletto, Martha Schauss, Helen Bontrager, James Beasley, Susan N. Ellis‐Felege, Summer H. LaRose, Samuel R. Wehr, Sean T. Giery, Charles E. Pekins, Ronald S. Revord, Christopher P. Hansen, Lonnie Hansen, Joshua J. Millspaugh, Adam Zorn, Brian D. Gerber, Kylie Rezendes, Jessie Adley, Jennifer Sevin, Austin M. Green, Çağan H. Şekercioğlu, Mary E. Pendergast, Kayleigh Mullen, Tori Bird, Andrew J. Edelman, Andrea Romero, Brian J. O'Neill, Noel Schmitz, Rebecca A. Vandermus, Jesse M. Alston, Kellie M. Kuhn, Steven C. Hasstedt, Damon B. Lesmeister, Cara L. Appel, Christopher Rota, Jennifer L. Stenglein, Christine Anhalt‐Depies, Carrie L. Nelson, Robert A. Long, Kathryn R. RemineKeywordsSourceEcology. e3775.Year2022