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Displaying 5,371 - 5,380 of 64,753 Publications- Forest fires spread via production and combustion of pyrolysis gases in the understory. The goal of the present paper is to understand the spatial location, distribution, and fraction (relative to the overstory) of understory plants, in this case, sparkleberry shrub, namely its degree of understory consumption upon burn, and to search for correlations between the degree of shrub consumption to the composition of emitted pyrolysis gases. Data were collected in situ at seven small experimental prescribed burns at Ft. Jackson, an army base in South Carolina, USA. Using airborne laser scanning...AuthorsMolly M. Herzog, Andrew T. Hudak, David R. Weise, Ashley M. Bradley, Russell G. Tonkyn, Catherine A. Banach, Tanya L. Myers, Benjamin C. Bright, Jonathan L. Batchelor, Akira Kato, John S. Maitland, Timothy J. JohnsonKeywordsSourceFire. 5: 118.Year2022
- Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a highly sensitive and cost-effective technique for wildlife monitoring, notably through the use of qPCR assays. However, it can be difficult to ensure assay specificity when many closely related species co-occur. In theory, specificity may be assessed in silico by determining whether assay oligonucleotides have enough base-pair mismatches with nontarget sequences to preclude amplification. However, the mismatch qualities required are poorly understood, making in silico assessments difficult and often necessitating extensive in vitro testing-typically...AuthorsJohn Kronenberger, Taylor Wilcox, Daniel Mason, Thomas W. Franklin, Kevin S. McKelvey, Michael K. Young, Michael K. SchwartzKeywordsSourceMolecular Ecology Resources. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13681.Year2022
- Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling uses genetic material in the environment to infer species presence sight-unseen. The method has rapidly become a powerful tool for monitoring biodiversity. However, biological diversity, as per the Convention on Biological Diversity definition of “diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems” is more inclusive than most eDNA studies cover: The vast majority focus only on between-species and ecosystem-level biodiversity. However, a tantalizing prospect, as illustrated by Farrell et al. (2022) in this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, is...AuthorsTaylor Wilcox, Mads Reinholdt JensenKeywordsSourceMolecular Ecology Resources. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13686.Year2022
- Disturbances alter biodiversity via their specific characteristics, including severity and extent in the landscape, which actat different temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity response to disturbance also depends on the community characteristicsand habitat requirements of species. Untangling the mechanistic interplay of these factors has guided disturbanceecology for decades, generating mixed scientific evidence of biodiversity responses to disturbance. Understanding theimpact of natural disturbances on biodiversity is increasingly important due to human-induced changes in natural...AuthorsMari‐Liis Viljur, Scott R. Abella, Martin Adámek, Janderson Batista Rodrigues Alencar, Nicholas A. Barber, Burkhard Beudert, Laura A. Burkle, Luciano Cagnolo, Brent Campos, Anne Chao, Brahim Chergui, Chang‐Yong Choi, Daniel F. R. Cleary, Thomas Seth Davis, Yanus A. Dechnik‐Vázquez, William M. Downing, Andrés Fuentes‐Ramirez, Kamal J. K. Gandhi, Catherine Gehring, Kostadin B. Georgiev, Mark Gimbutas, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Anastasiya Y. Gorbunova, Katie H. Greenberg, Kristoffer Hylander, Erik S. Jules, Daniil I Korobushkin, Kajar Köster, Valerie Kurth, Joseph Drew Lanham, Maria Lazarina, Alexandro B. Leverkus, David Lindenmayer, Daniel Magnabosco Marra, Pablo Martín‐Pinto, Jorge A. Meave, Marco Moretti, Hyun‐Young Nam, Martin K. Obrist, Theodora Petanidou, Pere Pons, Simon G. Potts, Irina B. Rapoport, Paul R. Rhoades, Clark Richter, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Nathan J. Sanders, Xavier Santos, Zachary Steel, Julia Tavella, Clara Wendenburg, Beat Wermelinger, Andrey S. Zaitsev, Simon ThornSourceBiological ReviewsYear2022
- Captive propagation has become an important tool in the conservation of imperiled freshwater mussels. Previous studies provide conflicting results about the effects of food abundance on survival and growth of juvenile mussels in aquaculture, and the extent to which growth in the hatchery reflects growth in the wild is unknown. We evaluated the effects of abundance of an algal-based diet on survival and growth of juvenile Cumberland Bean (Venustaconcha troostensis) in a recirculating aquaculture system. We compared food abundance (as fine particulate organic matter, FPOM) in our...AuthorsDrew E.J. White, Wendell R. Haag, Monte A. McGregor, Steven J. PriceKeywordsSourceAquacultureYear2022
- Characterization of physical fuel distributions across heterogeneous landscapes is needed to understand fire behavior, account for smoke emissions, and manage for ecosystem resilience. Remote sensing measurements at various scales inform fuel maps for improved fire and smoke models. Airborne lidar that directly senses variation in vegetation height and density has proven to be especially useful for landscape-scale fuel load and consumption mapping. Here we predicted field-observed fuel loads from airborne lidar and Landsat-derived fire history metrics with random forest (RF) modeling. RF...AuthorsBenjamin C. Bright, Andrew T. Hudak, Ryan McCarley, Alexander Spannuth, Nuria Sanchez‑Lopez, Roger D. Ottmar, Amber J. SojaKeywordsSourceFire Ecology. 18:18.Year2022
- There are more than 300 million hectares of forested land within the conterminous United States essential to sustaining the myriad social/cultural, economic, and ecologic benefits society enjoys from these lands. Nationwide, millions of forested hectares, both private and public, are disappearing functionally and physically through serve wildfire fire and land conversion. On many of these lands, management, centered on fire suppression, has led to reductions in forest resilience to wildfire. Lands, overstocked with accumulated fuel and faced with a changing climate, are expected to...AuthorsMark V Corrao, Andrew T. Hudak, Cody Desautel, Benjamin C. Bright, Edil Sepulveda CarloKeywordsSourceTrees, Forests and People. 9: 100302.Year2022
- The taxonomy of annulate [possessing a ring-like structure on the stipe (stem) of the basidiocarp (mushroom, fruiting body, basidioma) that is the remnant of the ruptured veil on the underside of the cap] Armillaria (Figs. 20.1E-J, 20.2, and 20.3) and its exannulate (without an annulus) sister genus Desarmillaria (Fig. 20.1K) is constantly changing. However, at least 40 species are currently recognized around the world (Baumgartner et al., 2011; Koch et al., 2017; Heinzelmann et al., 2019; Antonín et al., 2021; Kedves et al., 2021), and most Armillaria spp. have a wide host range. In many...AuthorsMee-Sook Kim, Renate Heinzelmann, Frederic Labbe, Yuko Ota, Ruben Damian Elías-Roman, María Belen Pildain, Jane E. Stewart, Stephen Woodward, Ned B. KlopfensteinKeywordsSourceForest Microbiology. 2: 361-378.Year2022
- Intactness is a commonly used measure of ecological integrity, especially when evaluating conservation status at the landscape scale. We argue that in the large and relatively unfragmented landscapes of the Arctic and sub-Arctic, intactness provides only partial insight for managers charged with maintaining ecological integrity. A recent landscape assessment suggests that 95% of Alaska shows no measured direct or indirect impacts of human development on the landscape. However, the current exceptionally high levels of intactness in Alaska, and throughout the Arctic and sub-Arctic, do not...AuthorsE. Jamie Trammell, Matthew L. Carlson, Joel H. Reynolds, Jason J. Taylor, Niels M. SchmidtKeywordsSourceAmbio. 51: 2524-2531.Year2022
- The removal of dams from rivers has become a common and widespread practice in the United States and Europe. Although often initiated by factors like economics and safety, ecosystem restoration is often a desired benefit and outcome of dam removal. We describe the physical and ecological effects that the placement and removal of dams have on rivers. We then focus on the drivers of dam removal, present considerations for undertaking a dam removal project, and discuss case-studies and recent syntheses describing the ecological outcomes of dam removal.AuthorsJeffrey Duda, J. Ryan BellmoreSourceEncyclopedia of Inland Waters, Elsevier. 2:576-585.Year2022