Treesearch

Borate solution was used to treat two sets of Douglas-fr wood samples, one by spraying cross-laminated timbers (CLT) and another set by dip-treating wood in solutions at different retentions. A novel model was developed to explain and predict borate uptake based on dip-treatment parameters. Small-scale CLT samples were prepared using commercial emulsion polymer isocyanate (EPI) and polyurethane (PU) adhesive with dip-treated wood. The effect of adhesive and borate retention on CLT samples were evaluated through adhesion, fire, termite, and decay tests. The adhesion strength of wood was...

The boreal forest is one of the largest biomes on Earth, occurring in the northern high latitude regions mostly between about 50°N and 65°N (Fig. 1). The biome is dominated by coniferous trees, often occurring as extensive areas of purespecies, even-aged stands regenerated from large, stand-replacing disturbances. Its northern extent lies along the tundra-taiga ecotone; on its southern extent, boreal forest types begin to transition to more temperate conifer species and a greater mix of hardwoods (Goldblum & Rigg, 2010; Montesano, Neigh, Macander, Feng,&Noojipady, 2020). Natural disturbance...

Woody biomass from short-rotation woody crops (SRWCs) plays a substantial role in feedstock production for alternative energy sources throughout the world, thus helping to mitigate climate change driven by excessive use of fossil fuels. The establishment of these biomass production systems presents the basis for more efficient development of renewable energy sources while avoiding impacts (e.g., additional emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) into the atmosphere) on essential ecosystem services such as clean water and healthy soils. In addition to these bioenergy-related uses, the increase of...

Wildfire affects many types of communities and is a particular concern for communities in the wildland urban interface (WUI), such as those of Teton County, Wyoming. The core intent of this project was to provide evidence to support the Teton Area Wildfire Protection Coalition (TAWPC) and affiliated organizations in their wildfire mitigation and education programming. This report analyzes existing wildfire risk data collected in fall 2020 and pairs it with social data collected in the winter and spring of 2021, in order to better understand residents’ knowledge, experiences, and perceptions...

Deforestation continues at rapid rates despite global conservation efforts. Evidence suggests that governance may play a critical role in influencing deforestation, and while a number of studies have demonstrated a clear relationship between national-level governance and deforestation, much remains to be known about the relative importance of subnational governance to deforestation outcomes. With a focus on the Brazilian Amazon, this study aims to understand the relationship between governance and deforestation at the municipal level. Drawing on the World Bank Worldwide Governance Indicator...

Sustainable management of protected areas requires attention to the structures, processes, institutions, and funding mechanisms that support them. When protected areas transcend multiple jurisdictions and landownerships, effective governance requires engagement of multiple institutions. In the United States, 11 National Scenic Trails (NSTs) extend across multiple states, landownerships, and jurisdictions, with regional and national partnerships enhancing management capacity. Trail governance requires a systems approach – coordinating among governmental and nongovernmental partners at...

In recent decades, digital communications have assumed an influential role in public discourse, including online forums where contributors write about their recreation and tourism experiences. Systematic study of the language practices used on these forums offers a tool to access and assess the complex social and cultural systems in which recreation takes place, deepening our understanding of how people construct meaning of outdoor experiences and how these meanings function collectively in society. In this article, we use thematic and discursive approaches to study how people represent...

In aggregate, March 2022 housing data were mostly positive. Housing starts were buoyed by multifamily starts. Total starts were at the greatest level since 2006, with single-family starts declining. Total permits remained subdued; single-family permits decreased, which may be a result of the difficulties in completing houses. Total housing units under construction were the most since March 1973. Housing completions also remained problematic as completions were restrained due to building materials and product shortages, combined with other factors. The disparity between the number of houses...

1. Coyotes Canis latrans have expanded their geographic range by 40% in thelast 120 years, raising questions about their ecological impacts in the newlycolonised areas. Despite a wealth of local knowledge on coyote diet in NorthAmerica, we have little information about how and why diet might varythroughout the species’ range. 2. We conducted the first rangewide meta-analysisof coyote diet by investigatinghow ecoregion, coyote mass, environmental conditions, presence of top predatorsand alternative food items are related to coyote dietary diversity, as wellas consumption of small mammals,...

Characterizing pre-fire fuel load and fuel consumption are critical for assessing fire behavior, fire effects, and smoke emissions. Two approaches for quantifying fuel load are airborne laser scanning (ALS) and the Fuel Characteristic Classification System (FCCS). The implementation of multitemporal ALS (i.e., the use of two or more ALS datasets across time at a given location) in conjunction with empirical models trained with field data can be used to measure fuel and estimate fuel consumption from a fire. FCCS, adapted for use in LANDFIRE (LF), provides 30 m resolution estimates of fuel...