Treesearch

Global interest in reforestation to help mitigate climate change is increasing demand for nursery-produced seedlings. Often governments, the public, and non-profit organizations simplify reforestation to the physical act of tree planting without comprehension of the entirety of the process needed for reforestation to be successful. A range of tasks from planning to implementation to post-planting monitoring and care are necessary (i.e., the reforestation pipeline). And, often, a one-size-fits-all approach to reforestation is promoted without appreciation for the diversity of ecosystems...

We tested an empirical method to estimate daily actual evapotranspiration (AET) of a forested watershed in coastal South Carolina using measured daily shallow soil moisture (SM) and potential ET (PET) estimated using weather data by two methods, i) Penman-Monteith (P-M) and ii) Priestley-Taylor (P-T), and soil field capacity during the 2015–2016 period. This work was motivated by Domec and others (2012), who found the measured annual and monthly AET by the SM and water table fluctuation methods agreed to within 10 to 20 percent of the ET from eddy covariance measurements for a managed pine...

A collaborative above-ground protected termite field test was initiated by FPInnovations and the USDA Forest Service at sites in Ontario and Mississippi. The aims of the experiment were to compare the rate of attack in protected, above-ground exposures by the subterranean termite species, Reticulitermes flavipes, between northern (Ontario) and southern (Mississippi) test sites and to generate performance data to understand the resistance to termites of selected naturally durable North American species. After 5-years of exposure, termite attack was greater in untreated pine sapwood controls...

Mass timber has seen increased use as a building material for low and mid-rise construction in recent decades. The durability of mass timber elements has not been fully examined and the effects of wood destroying organisms on this these materials merits attention. The effectiveness of currently labeled soil termiticides and passively applied biocides at post-construction or as remedial agents needs to be evaluated for mass timber used in structures, particularly in areas with elevated risk of termite attack. The ability of soil insecticidal drenches or spray-on insecticide/fungicide...

Dimensional movement with changing moisture content is among the main performance characteristics of wood flooring. The U.S. wood flooring industry has relied on values and equations published by the Forest Products Laboratory (FPL) in its Wood Handbook to provide critical information about how different woods move. This paper discusses key information previously published by FPL relating to dimensional change coefficients (DCCs) and includes laboratory measurements of board width over a range of moisture contents for four types of prefinished commercial solid wood flooring: hickory, red...

Forest cover and streamflow are generally expected to vary inversely because reduced forest cover typically leads to less transpiration and interception. However, recent studies in the western U.S. have found no change or even decreased streamflow following forest disturbance due to drought and insect epidemics. We investigated streamflow response to forest cover change using hydrologic, climatic, and forest data for 159 watersheds in the western U.S. from the CAMELS data set for the period 2000-2019. Forest change and disturbance were quantified in terms of net tree growth (total growth...

Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) are important energy and nutrient sources for aquatic ecosystems. In many northern temperate, freshwater systems DOC has increased in the past 50 years. Less is known about how changes in DOC may vary across latitudes, and whether changes in DON track those of DOC. Here, we present long-term DOC and DON data from 74 streams distributed across seven sites in biomes ranging from the tropics to northern boreal forests with varying histories of atmospheric acid deposition. For each stream, we examined the temporal trends of DOC and DON concentra...

Age- and sex-specific survival estimates are crucial to understanding important life history characteristics, and variation in these estimates can be a key driver of population dynamics. When estimating survival using Cormack–Jolly–Seber (CJS) models, emigration is typically unknown but confounded with apparent survival. Consequently, especially for populations or age classes with high dispersal rates, apparent survival estimates are often biased low and temporal patterns in survival might be masked when site fidelity varies temporally. We used 9 years of annual mark–recapture data to...

Catchment hydrologists have long puzzled over the question: How can catchments rapidly generate storm flows and pulses of solutes in response to storm events? Conceptual models viewing catchments as composed of discrete source areas generating flow at unique time scales and with unique chemical characteristics have been used to explain the observed changes in flow and water chemistry. Surprisingly, those conceptual models usually do not treat the stream channel as one of the potential source areas. Here, we propose the channel-source hypothesis in which the stream itself should be considere...