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Displaying 5,761 - 5,770 of 65,164 Publications- Lahontan cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii henshawi) and Paiute cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii seleniris) are rare taxa of conservation concern. Their generally low population densities and remote distribution make traditional sampling difficult, but they primarily exist in small streams, a habitat type where environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling has proven extremely effective. We developed a single eDNA assay that allows sensitive detection of both taxa, which occur separate from each other in different regions of the Lahontan Basin. Performance of the assay was evaluated using...AuthorsThomas W. Franklin, Joseph Dysthe, Helen Neville, Michael K. Young, Kevin S. McKelvey, Michael K. SchwartzKeywordsSourceWestern North American Naturalist. 82(2): 388-397.Year2022
- Wildfire severity is a key indicator of both direct ecosystem impacts and indirect emissions impacts that affect air quality, climate, and public health far beyond the spatial footprint of the flames. Comprehensive, accurate inventories of severity and emissions are essential for assessing these impacts and setting appropriate fire management and health care preparedness strategies, as is the ability to project emissions for future wildfires. The frequency of large wildfires and the magnitude of their impacts have increased in recent decades, fueling concerns about decreased air quality....AuthorsQingqing Xu, Anthony LeRoy Westerling, Andrew Notohamiprodjo, Christine Wiedinmyer, Joshua J. Picotte, Sean A. Parks, Matthew D. Hurteau, Miriam E. Marlier, Crystal A. Kolden, Jonathan A. Sam, W. Jonathan Baldwin, Christiana AdeSourceEnvironmental Research Letters. 17: 085008.Year2022
- The biological control program against Tamarix spp. (tamarisk/saltcedar; Tamaricaceae) was initiated in the 1970s to reduce negative impacts of this invasive Old World shrub to riparian biodiversity and ecosystem function in western North America. Field releases of host-specific leaf beetles (Chrysomelidae) in the genus Diorhabda were initiated in 2001, with significant establishment and widespread defoliation observed roughly two years after open releases. What followed were a variety of complex interactions among invasive Tamarix, its guild of herbivores including Diorhabda spp., and the...AuthorsAlexander M. Gaffke, Tom L. Dudley, Daniel W. Bean, Gail M. Drus, Matthew J. Johnson, Allen E. Knutson, David K. Weaver, Sharlene E. Sing, Bruce K. Orr, David C. ThompsonKeywordsSourceIn: Van Driesche, R. G.; Winston, R. L.; Perring, T. M. ; Lopez, V. M., eds. Contributions of Classical Biological Control to the U.S. Food Security, Forestry, and Biodiversity. FHAAST-2019-05. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. p. 329-355.Year2022
- Anecdotal reports indicate that invasive yellow or common toadflax (Linaria vulgaris) and Dalmatian toadflax (Linaria dalmatica) (Plantaginaceae) were deliberately introduced to North America for ornamental purposes. They were also accidentally introduced as a seed contaminant, as was the case for many early-introduced invasive plants in North America (Mack, 1986, 2003; Mack and Erneberg, 2002; Lehan et al., 2013). In the absence of laws regulating the importation of exotic plants (as opposed to plant pests) into the United States, plant-lovers ranging from homesteaders and miners to...AuthorsSharlene E. Sing, Ivo Tosevski, Sarah M. Ward, Carol B. Randall, David K. Weaver, Alexander M. Gaffke, Robert M. NowierskiKeywordsSourceIn: Van Driesche, R. G.; Winston, R. L.; Perring, T. M. ; Lopez, V. M., eds. Contributions of Classical Biological Control to the U.S. Food Security, Forestry, and Biodiversity. FHAAST-2019-05. Morgantown, WV: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. p. 294-311.Year2022
- AuthorsMichelle Cram, Mee-Sook Kim, Stephen Fraedrich, Rabiu Olatinwo, Ned B. KlopfensteinSourcePlant DiseaseYear2022
- Altered weather patterns associated with climate change are likely to adversely affect amphibian recruitment, especially for species dependent on ephemeral, geographically isolated wetlands for breeding. Future changes in temperature and rainfall patterns could affect hydroregimes (periodicity, depth, duration, and timing of water in wetlands) or adult breeding effort. We used 24 years of continuous amphibian trapping, weather, and hydroregime data to identify breedingto- metamorphosis periods (BMPs) and environmental factors affecting annual recruitment by three hylid species at eight...AuthorsSky T. Button, Katie H. Greenberg, James D. AustinKeywordsSourceDiversityYear2022
- Forest fires spread via production and combustion of pyrolysis gases in the understory. The goal of the present paper is to understand the spatial location, distribution, and fraction (relative to the overstory) of understory plants, in this case, sparkleberry shrub, namely its degree of understory consumption upon burn, and to search for correlations between the degree of shrub consumption to the composition of emitted pyrolysis gases. Data were collected in situ at seven small experimental prescribed burns at Ft. Jackson, an army base in South Carolina, USA. Using airborne laser scanning...AuthorsMolly M. Herzog, Andrew T. Hudak, David R. Weise, Ashley M. Bradley, Russell G. Tonkyn, Catherine A. Banach, Tanya L. Myers, Benjamin C. Bright, Jonathan L. Batchelor, Akira Kato, John S. Maitland, Timothy J. JohnsonKeywordsSourceFire. 5: 118.Year2022
- Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling is a highly sensitive and cost-effective technique for wildlife monitoring, notably through the use of qPCR assays. However, it can be difficult to ensure assay specificity when many closely related species co-occur. In theory, specificity may be assessed in silico by determining whether assay oligonucleotides have enough base-pair mismatches with nontarget sequences to preclude amplification. However, the mismatch qualities required are poorly understood, making in silico assessments difficult and often necessitating extensive in vitro testing-typically...AuthorsJohn Kronenberger, Taylor Wilcox, Daniel Mason, Thomas W. Franklin, Kevin S. McKelvey, Michael K. Young, Michael K. SchwartzKeywordsSourceMolecular Ecology Resources. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13681.Year2022
- Environmental DNA (eDNA) sampling uses genetic material in the environment to infer species presence sight-unseen. The method has rapidly become a powerful tool for monitoring biodiversity. However, biological diversity, as per the Convention on Biological Diversity definition of “diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems” is more inclusive than most eDNA studies cover: The vast majority focus only on between-species and ecosystem-level biodiversity. However, a tantalizing prospect, as illustrated by Farrell et al. (2022) in this issue of Molecular Ecology Resources, is...AuthorsTaylor Wilcox, Mads Reinholdt JensenKeywordsSourceMolecular Ecology Resources. https://doi.org/10.1111/1755-0998.13686.Year2022
- Disturbances alter biodiversity via their specific characteristics, including severity and extent in the landscape, which actat different temporal and spatial scales. Biodiversity response to disturbance also depends on the community characteristicsand habitat requirements of species. Untangling the mechanistic interplay of these factors has guided disturbanceecology for decades, generating mixed scientific evidence of biodiversity responses to disturbance. Understanding theimpact of natural disturbances on biodiversity is increasingly important due to human-induced changes in natural...AuthorsMari‐Liis Viljur, Scott R. Abella, Martin Adámek, Janderson Batista Rodrigues Alencar, Nicholas A. Barber, Burkhard Beudert, Laura A. Burkle, Luciano Cagnolo, Brent Campos, Anne Chao, Brahim Chergui, Chang‐Yong Choi, Daniel F. R. Cleary, Thomas Seth Davis, Yanus A. Dechnik‐Vázquez, William M. Downing, Andrés Fuentes‐Ramirez, Kamal J. K. Gandhi, Catherine Gehring, Kostadin B. Georgiev, Mark Gimbutas, Konstantin B. Gongalsky, Anastasiya Y. Gorbunova, Katie H. Greenberg, Kristoffer Hylander, Erik S. Jules, Daniil I Korobushkin, Kajar Köster, Valerie Kurth, Joseph Drew Lanham, Maria Lazarina, Alexandro B. Leverkus, David Lindenmayer, Daniel Magnabosco Marra, Pablo Martín‐Pinto, Jorge A. Meave, Marco Moretti, Hyun‐Young Nam, Martin K. Obrist, Theodora Petanidou, Pere Pons, Simon G. Potts, Irina B. Rapoport, Paul R. Rhoades, Clark Richter, Ruslan A. Saifutdinov, Nathan J. Sanders, Xavier Santos, Zachary Steel, Julia Tavella, Clara Wendenburg, Beat Wermelinger, Andrey S. Zaitsev, Simon ThornSourceBiological ReviewsYear2022