Treesearch

The effects of temperature and copper catalyst concentration on the formation of graphene-encapsulated copper nanoparticles (GECNs) were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy-attenuated total reflectance, and transmission electron microscopy. Results showed that higher amounts of copper atoms facilitated the growth of more graphene islands and formed smaller size GECNs. A copper catalyst facilitated the decomposition of lignin at the lowest temperature studied (600°C). Increasing the temperature up to 1000°C retarded the degradation process,...

This report describes the testing plan and preliminary results in an ongoing project to assess the efficacy of using ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect internal moisture and fungal decay within Douglas-fir beams. Initially, the test beams were assessed using a variety of physical, mechanical, and nondestructive evaluation (NDE) test methods including micro-resistance drilling, Janka hardness, stress wave transmission, and GPR. After initial baseline assessment, test beams were inoculated with brown-rot fungus, Fomitopsis pinicola, and exposed to just above-ground conditions 22 miles...

Biomass holds tremendous potential as a renewable feedstock for the production of fuels and chemicals. However, significant technological advancement is required before production of biofuels and bio-based chemicals will become widespread and economically self-sustaining at the industrial scale. Many of the greatest challenges surrounding biomass conversion stem from the complex nature of the feedstock. Biomass consists of the remains of once-living plant tissue, and therefore retains many of the characteristics of the original organism. These characteristics, such as microstructure,...

Since its inception in 1996, the nonprofit Consortium for Research on Renewable Industrial Materials (CORRIM; www.corrim.org) has developed comprehensive environmental performance information on wood building materials consistent with International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standards for life-cycle inventory (LCI) and lifecycle assessment (LCA) research. The majority of prior CORRIM work on structural wood products has been published in two special issues of Wood and Fiber Science (CORRIM 2005, CORRIM 2010) based on data collected and analyzed starting in 1999.

The exposure of wood to elevated temperatures during hot water extraction (HWE) has been shown to significantly influence a variety of physical and chemical properties of the wood. Aspen (Populus tremuloides) and hemlock (Tsuga canadensis)strands underwent HWE at 160° C for four different periods of time. The weight loss (WL) associated with the processes ranged from 2.9 to 17.3% for the aspen, and from 2.9 to 12.8% for the hemlock. The higher WL associated with the hardwood was attributed to higher hemicellulose content in the hardwood than in the softwood as well as differences in...

The aim of this work was to investigate the kinetics of multiple chemicals in acid bisulfite pretreatment and the relationship between total sugar yields and pretreatment factors (temperature and time). The results showed Saeman model accurately fitted the pretreatment process. According to this kinetic model, a maximum hemicellulose hydrolysis yield was achieved at a treatment time of 75 min with a temperature of 145° C. Meantime, the concentrations of acetic acid, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), and furfural were 1.54, 0.60, and 1.15 g L-1, respectively. Also, a Lorentzian function...

Paenibacillus sp. JDR-2 (Pjdr2) has been studied as a model for development of bacterial biocatalysts for efficient processing of xylans, methylglucuronoxylan, and methylglucuronoarabinoxylan, the predominant hemicellulosic polysaccharides found in dicots and monocots, respectively. Pjdr2 produces a cell-associated GH10 endoxylanase (Xyn10A1) that catalyzes depolymerization of xylans to xylobiose, xylotriose, and methylglucuronoxylotriose with methylglucuronate-linked α-1,2 to the nonreducing terminal xylose. A GH10/GH67 xylan utilization regulon includes genes encoding an extracellular...

Wood processing often involves an array of products and coproducts and a cascade of primary and secondary uses. Prior life-cycle assessment (LCA) reporting allocated environmental burdens to products and coproducts based on mass for multiproduct systems to develop environmental product declarations, which are developed from LCAs following the procedures detailed in product category rules (PCRs). A recent PCR for North American structural and architectural wood products requires allocation by economic value when the main products exceed the value of coproducts by greater than 10 percent....

Combustion performance for three types of wood–aluminum composites was investigated using cone calorimetry tests. The results revealed that time to ignition of the specimens was increased and more than 100 times after the lamination of 1.6-mm-thick aluminum alloy sheet on the surface (from 17 to 1990 s). And residual mass of the wood–aluminum composites was improved and almost quadrupled (from 21.795% to 81.664%). The peak heat release rate, average heat release rate, total heat release, and mean mass loss rate of wood–aluminum composites with 1.6-mm-thick aluminum alloy sheet on the...

The Forest Products Annual Market Review 2016-2017 provides a comprehensive analysis of markets in the UNECE region and reports on the main market influences outside the UNECE region. It covers the range of products from the forest to the end-user: from roundwood and primary processed products to value-added and housing. Statistics-based chapters analyse the markets for wood raw materials, sawn softwood, sawn hardwood, wood-based panels, paper, paperboard and woodpulp. Other chapters analyse policies, forest products trade barriers affecting the UNECE region, and markets for wood energy....