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- This study assessed heat vulnerability in the city of Ponce, Puerto Rico, by integrating satellitederived land surface temperature (LST) data with demographic and socioeconomic indicators. Spatial analysis, principal component analysis (PCA), and multivariate regression were applied to develop a Heat Vulnerability Index (HVI) that maps heat risk across urban neighborhoods. Environmental variables, LST, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), impervious surface cover, slope, and elevation, were analyzed alongside indicators such as age, disability, living alone, poverty, and unemploym...AuthorsLaura T. Cabrera-Rivera, Frank E. Muller-Karger, Digna Rueda-Roa, Heriberto Marin, Tischa A. A. Munoz, Pablo A. Mendez-LazaroKeywordsSourceUrban ClimateYear2026
- Managing carbon stocks in the land, ocean, and atmosphere under changing climate requires a globally‐integrated view of carbon cycle processes at local and regional scales. The growing Earth Observation (EO) record is the backbone of this multi‐scale system, providing local information with discrete coverage from surface measurements and regional information at global scale from satellites. Carbon flux information, anchored by inverse estimates from spaceborne Greenhouse Gas (GHG) concentrations, provides an important top‐down view of carbon emissions and sinks, but currently lacks global...AuthorsN. Parazoo, D. Carroll, J. B. Abshire, Y. M. Bar‐On, R. A. Birdsey, A. A. Bloom, K. W. Bowman, R. K. Braghiere, L. M. Bruhwiler, B. Byrne, A. Chatterjee, D. Crisp, L. Duncanson, A. F. Feldman, A. M. Fox, C. Frankenberg, B. A. Gay, F. Hopkins, F. M. Hoffman, J. R. Holmquist, L. R. Hutyra, Michael Keller, C. D. Koven, J. L. Laughner, J. Liu, N. S. Lovenduski, N. Macbean, G. A. McKinley, G. McNicol, D. Menemenlis, A. M. Michalak, C. E. Miller, H. Nesser, T. Oda, E. M. Ordway, L. E. Ott, K. Paustian, Z. A. Pierrat, B. Poulter, S. C. Reed, D. S. Schimel, S. P. Serbin, S. S. Saatchi, H. Suto, L. Windham‐Myers, D. WunchSourceAGU AdvancesYear2025
- Following rapid climate change, tundra plant communities are experiencing extensive compositional shifts. A conservation concern is the potential encroachment of boreal species into the tundra (‘borealisation’). Tundra borealisation has been sporadically reported, but not systematically quantified. Here, we synthesised data from across 32 study areas, spanning 1137 plots and 287 vascular plant species, resurveyed between 1981 and 2023. We (i) quantified tundra borealisation as the colonisation and increase in abundance of Boreal and Boreal-Tundra species, (ii) assessed biogeographical,...AuthorsMariana García Criado, Isabel C. Barrio, James D. M. Speed, Anne D. Bjorkman, Sarah C. Elmendorf, Isla H. Myers‐Smith, Rien Aerts, Juha M. Alatalo, Katlyn R. Betway‐May, Robert G. Björk, Mats P. Björkman, Daan Blok, Elisabeth J. Cooper, J. Hans C. Cornelissen, William A. Gould, Ragnhild Gya, Greg H. R. Henry, Luise Hermanutz, Robert D. Hollister, Annika K. Jägerbrand, Ingibjörg S. Jónsdóttir, Elina Kaarlejärvi, Olga Khitun, Simone I. Lang, Petr Macek, Jeremy L. May, Anders Michelsen, Signe Normand, Siri L. Olsen, Eric Post, Riikka Rinnan, Niels Martin Schmidt, Sofie Sjogersten, Anne Tolvanen, Joachim P. Töpper, Andrew Trant, Vigdis Vandvik, Tage VowlesKeywordsSourceEcology LettersYear2025
- Little is known about the structure of tropical forests despite its critical role in the provisioning of ecosystem services. Here we assess the vertical structure of forests in the Brazilian Amazon with a large-scale airborne LiDAR dataset. We show that fire has greater impact in the lowest forest strata, differently from selective logging and windthrow. We also find that secondary forests quickly recover or even exceed reference areas at the 1-10m height stratum but that full recovery for the 20-30m height stratum has not been achieved even after 35 years. Our modeling results suggest...AuthorsDenis Valle, Leo Haneda, Ismael Verrastro Brack, Jean Ometto, Ovidiu Csillik, Marcos Longo, Michael Keller, Danilo AlmeidaKeywordsSourceCommunications Earth & EnvironmentYear2025
- Carbon–climate (CC) feedbacks — arising from response of land and ocean carbon sinks to elevated CO2 and climate warming — are critical yet highly uncertain drivers of Earth’s climate trajectory. Processes such as permafrost thaw, tropical forest dieback, reduced ocean uptake, and intensifying climate extremes are already weakening natural carbon sinks, with potential to amplify warming and accelerate crossing of tipping points. Detecting and quantifying these dynamics requires sustained, high-resolution, spatially-comprehensive Earth Observations. Drawing on outcomes from a 2024 community...AuthorsDustin Caroll,, Nicholas C Parazoo,, Nicole S. Lovenduski, Michael Keller, David S. Schimel, A. Anthony BloomSourceEnvironmental Research LettersYear2025
- Tree canopy height is a key indicator of forest biomass, productivity and structure, yet measuring it accurately at regional or larger scales, whether from the ground or remotely, remains challenging. The objective of this study is to generate the first complete canopy height map of the Amazon forest at 4.78m resolution using Planet NICFI imagery and deep learning. Specifically, we (i) trained a U-Net regression model with canopy height models (CHMs) derived from tropical airborne LiDAR and their corresponding Planet NICFI images to estimate canopy height, (ii) evaluated the accuracy of...AuthorsFabien H. Wagner, Ricardo Dalagnol, Griffin Carter, Mayumi C. M. Hirye, Shivraj Gill, Le Bienfaiteur Sagang Takougoum, Samuel Favrichon, Michael Keller, Jean P. H. B. Ometto, Lorena Alves, Cynthia Creze, Stephanie P. George-Chacon, Shuang Li, Zhihua Liu, Adugna Mullissa, Yan Yang, Erone G. Santos, Sarah R. Worden, Martin Brandt, Philippe Ciais, Stephen C. Hagen, Sassan SaatchiSourceRemote Sensing in Ecology and ConservationYear2025
- It is unclear how plants respond to increasing temperatures. Leaf heat tolerance (LHT) is often at its upper limit in tropical forests, suggesting that climate change might negatively impact these forests. We hypothesized that intraspecific variation in LHT might be associated with changes in the soil microbiome, which might also respond to climate. We hypothesized that warming would increase LHT through changes in the soil microbiome: we combined an in situ tropical warming experiment with a shade house experiment in Puerto Rico. The shade house experiment consisted of growing seedlings...AuthorsGabriela Hernandes Villani, Iana F. Grullón-Penkova, Parker Bartz, Joel Masanga, Jesse R. Lasky, Molly A. Cavaleri, Tana E. Wood, Benedicte BachelotKeywordsSourceEcology and EvolutionYear2025
- Hurricanes strongly regulate vegetation structure and dynamics in coastal tropical forests by causing tree mortality and damaging the crowns of surviving trees. Despite the importance of this damage for long-term forest demography and carbon dynamics, the patterns and drivers of variation in hurricane-induced damage across heterogeneous landscapes remain poorly quantified. Here, we integrate field inventory data with repeated airborne LiDAR measurements to quantify tree crown damage following Hurricane María (Category 4) in the Luquillo Experimental Forest, Puerto Rico. We applied two...AuthorsTao Han, António Ferraz, Dingyi Fang, Tian Zhang, Roi Ankori-Karlinsky, Gabriel Arellano, Douglas Morton, Jess K. Zimmerman, Michael Keller, María Uriarte, Xiangtao XuKeywordsSourceGlobal Change BiologyYear2025
- Improved forest management (IFM), particularly the transition of even-aged forests to continuous cover forestry (CCF), is gaining attention as a management approach that may contribute to climate change mitigation by enhancing forest carbon sequestration and maintaining soil carbon storage. CCF aims to maintain continuous tree cover over time by using selective harvesting and natural regeneration instead of clear-cutting (CC), and is promoted as a forest management method that enhances productivity, ecological, and social benefits. Using a Scots pine stand management in Poland, we evaluated...AuthorsRafal Chudy, Frederick Cubbage, Kathleen McGinley, Jacek Siry, Karolina ChudyKeywordsSourceJournal of Forest Business ResearchYear2025
- The Black-crowned Night Heron (Nycticorax nycticorax) is one of the most widely distributed heron species worldwide, absent only from Australasia and the far northern Holarctic. Notable for its pronounced phenotypic and genetic variability in plumage, the species occasionally exhibits rare chromatic aberrations such as melanism, leucism and albinism. These phenomena provide valuable insights into adaptability, underlying genetic mechanisms and ecological and evolutionary implications. Here, we summarize the frequency and geographic distribution of documented plumage aberrations of the...AuthorsWayne J. Arendt, María M. Paulino, Luis R. Paulino, Danilo A. MejíaKeywordsSourceJournal of Heron Biology and ConservationYear2025