2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment
The Resources Planning Act Assessment is a congressionally mandated, recurring assessment of renewable resources across all U.S. forests and rangelands, established to ensure America’s competitiveness in natural resource industries.
The 2020 Assessment provides a summary of current U.S. forest and rangeland condition and trends on all ownerships; identifies economic, social, and biophysical drivers of change; and projects the effects of those drivers on resource availability and condition 50 years into the future. This assessment explores a range of possible futures for U.S. renewable natural resources with a set of future scenarios. Its authors also use alternative future scenarios to analyze the effects of human and environmental influences on forests and rangelands, including population growth, domestic and global economic growth, land use change, and climate change.
NEW! A paper summarizing recent trends and future projections of U.S. forests using results from the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment. Findings show that, while total forest area is expected to change only modestly, where forests are located and how they function will shift substantially. Population growth and land development are the primary drivers of forest loss, especially in the South, while climate change is increasingly affecting wildfires, drought, and water availability. These combined pressures are expected to fragment habitats, reduce interior forest cover, and alter the ecosystem services forests provide, with important implications for management and policy.
NEW! The 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment Interactive Data Explorer provides dynamic, easy-to-use maps and dashboards that visualize key data regarding the trends and projections of the nation’s forests and rangelands. This tool allows users to explore spatial and temporal patterns of resources, assess potential challenges, and make informed decisions about the future of forests and rangelands. By offering interactive visualizations, this platform supports better planning and policy development without requiring raw data downloads.
2020 Supporting Publications
Assessment authors used the following peer-reviewed journal articles and technical reports to build and support the 2020 Assessment.
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. 2025. 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment Business Report.
- Linda A. Joyce, David Coulson. 2020. Climate scenarios and projections: A technical document supporting the USDA Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment
- Linda Langner, Linda A. Joyce, David N. Wear, Jeffrey P. Prestemon, David Coulson, Claire O'Dea. 2020. Future scenarios: A technical document supporting the USDA Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment
- Jeffrey P. Prestemon, David N. Wear. 2019. Spatiotemporal downscaling of global population and income scenarios for the United States
- Evan B. Brooks, John W. Coulston, David Walker. 2026. Baseline Land Use Map for the Conterminous United States in Support of the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment
- Daniel Bigelow, David Lewis, Christopher Mihiar. 2022. A major shift in U.S. land development avoids significant losses in forest and agricultural land
- Evan B. Brooks, John W. Coulston, Kurt Riitters, David N. Wear. 2020. Using a hybrid demand-allocation algorithm to enable distributional analysis of land use change patterns
- Christopher Mihiar, David J. Lewis. 2023. An empirical analysis of US land‐use change under multiple climate change scenarios
- Christopher Mihiar, David J. Lewis. 2021. Climate, Adaptation, and the Value of Forestland: A National Ricardian Analysis of the United States
- Mark D. D. Nelson, Kurt Riitters, John W. Coulston, Grant M. Domke, Eric J. Greenfield, Linda Langner, David J. Nowak, Claire O'Dea, Sonja Oswalt, Matt C. Reeves, David N. Wear. 2020. Defining the United States land base: a technical document supporting the USDA Forest Service 2020 RPA assessment
- Kurt Riitters. 2019. Pattern metrics for a transdisciplinary landscape ecology
- Kurt Riitters, Jennifer Costanza. 2018. The landscape context of family forests in the United States: Anthropogenic interfaces and forest fragmentation from 2001 to 2011
- Kurt Riitters, Karen G. Schleeweis, Jennifer Costanza. 2020. Forest Area Change in the Shifting Landscape Mosaic of the Continental United States from 2001 to 2016
- Kurt Riitters, Guy Robertson. 2021. The United States' implementation of the Montréal Process indicator of forest fragmentation
- Peter Vogt, Kurt Riitters, Pierrick Rambaud, Rémi d'Annunzio, Erik Lindquist, Anssi Pekkarinen. 2022. GuidosToolbox Workbench: spatial analysis of raster maps for ecological applications
- Jennifer Costanza, Frank H. H. Koch, Matt C. Reeves. 2023. Future exposure of forest ecosystems to multi‐year drought in the United States
- Prakash Nepal, Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Linda A. Joyce, Kenneth E. Skog. 2022. Global forest products markets and forest sector carbon impacts of projected sea level rise
- Kevin M. Potter, Julie C. Canavin, Frank H. H. Koch. 2020. Chapter 6 - A forest health retrospective: national and regional results from 20 years of Insect and Disease Survey data
- Kurt Riitters, Kevin M. Potter. 2019. Chapter 6 - The invasibility and invadedness of Eastern U.S. forest types
- Kurt Riitters, Kevin M. Potter, Basil V. Iannone, Christopher M. Oswalt, Songlin Fei, Qinfeng Guo. 2017. Landscape correlates of forest plant invasions: A high-resolution analysis across the eastern United States
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David Wear, Travis Warziniack, Claire O’Dea, John Coulston. 2025. Changing hazards, exposure, and vulnerability in the conterminous United States 2020–2070
- Sonja Oswalt, Renate Bush, Lara T. Murray, David Walker. 2026. Forest Resources of the United States, 2022
- R. Bluffstone, John W. Coulston, Robert G. Haight, Jeffrey D. Kline, S. Polasky, David N. Wear, K. Zook. 2017. Estimated values of carbon sequestration resulting from forest management scenarios
- Brett J. Butler, Sarah M. Butler, Jesse Caputo, Jacqueline Dias, Amanda Robillard, Emma M. Sass. 2021. Family forest ownerships of the United States, 2018: results from the USDA Forest Service, National Woodland Owner Survey
- Grant M. Domke, C. A. Williams, R. Birdsey, John W. Coulston, A. Finzi, C. Gough, Robert G. Haight, J. Hicke, Maria Janowiak, B. de Jong, W. A. Kurz, M. Lucash, S. Ogle, M. Olguín-Álvarez, Yude Pan, M. Skutsch, C. Smyth, Chris Swanston, P. Templer, David N. Wear, Christopher W. W. Woodall. 2018. Chapter 9: Forests
- Taek Joo Kim, David N. Wear, John W. Coulston, Ruhong Li. 2018. Forest land use responses to wood product markets
- Sonja Oswalt, W. Brad Smith, Patrick D. Miles, Scott A. Pugh. 2019. Forest Resources of the United States, 2017: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment
- David N. Wear, John W. Coulston. 2019. Specifying forest sector models for forest carbon projections
- Yulong Zhang, Conghe Song, Taehee Hwang, Kimberly Novick, John W. Coulston, James Vose, Matthew P. Dannenberg, Christopher R. Hakkenberg, Jiafu Mao, Curtis E. Woodcock. 2021. Land cover change-induced decline in terrestrial gross primary production over the conterminous United States from 2001 to 2016
- Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Jinggang Guo. 2024. Markets: An Analysis to Support the Southern Forest Outlook
- Consuelo Brandeis, Marcus E. Taylor, Karen Abt, Delton Alderman, Urs Buehlmann. 2021. Status and trends for the U.S. forest products sector: a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment
- Craig M.T. Johnston, Jinggang Guo, Jeffrey P. Prestemon. 2021. The FOrest Resource Outlook Model (FOROM): a technical document supporting the Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment
- Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Prakash Nepal, Kamalakanta Sahoo. 2022. Housing starts and the associated wood products carbon storage by county by Shared Socioeconomic Pathway in the United States
- Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Jinggang Guo. 2024. Markets: An Analysis to Support the Southern Forest Outlook
- Prakash Nepal, Jeffrey P. Prestemon, Indroneil Ganguly, Vaibhav Kumar, Richard Bergman, Neelam C. Poudyal, Andrew T. Carswell. 2024. The potential use of mass timber in mid-to high-rise construction and the associated carbon benefits in the United States
- Tipton D. Hudson, Matt C. Reeves, Sonia A. Hall, Georgine G. Yorgey, J. Shannon Neibergs. 2021. Big landscapes meet big data: Informing grazing management in a variable and changing world
- Matthew O. Jones, Nathaniel P. Robinson, David E. Naugle, Jeremy D. Maestas, Matt C. Reeves, Robert W. Lankston, Brady W. Allred. 2021. Annual and 16-Day Rangeland Production Estimates for the Western United States
- Scott N. Zimmer, Matt C. Reeves, Joseph R. St. Peter, Brice Hanberry. 2022. Earlier green-up and senescence of temperate United States rangelands under future climate
- Hadi Heidari, Mazdak Arabi, Travis Warziniack. 2021. Vulnerability to water shortage under current and future water supply-demand conditions across U.S. river basins
- Travis Warziniack, Thomas C. Brown. 2019. The importance of municipal and agricultural demands in future water shortages in the United States
- Travis Warziniack, Mazdak Arabi, Thomas C. Brown, Pam M. Froemke, Rohini Ghosh, Shaunie Rasmussen, Ryan Swartzentruber. 2022. Projections of freshwater use in the United States under climate change
- Gwendolynn W. Bury, Rebecca Flitcroft, Mark D. D. Nelson, Ivan Arismendi, Evan B. Brooks. 2021. Forest-associated fishes of the conterminous United States
- Ashley E. Askew, Michael Bowker. 2018. Impacts of climate change on outdoor recreation participation: Outlook to 2060
- Stephen R. R. Shifley, Francisco X. Aguilar, Nianfu Song, Susan I. Stewart, David J. Nowak, Dale D. Gormanson, W. Keith Moser, Sherri Wormstead, Eric J. Greenfield. 2012. Criterion 6: Maintenance and enhancement of long-term multiple socioeconomic benefits to meet the needs of societies
- Eric M. White, J.M. Bowker, Ashley E. Askew, Linda Langner, J. Ross Arnold, Donald B.K. English. 2016. Federal outdoor recreation trends: effects on economic opportunities
- Ashley E. Askew, Eric M. White, Gary T. Green. 2024. Importance performance competitor analysis for comprehensive assessment of National Forest visitor satisfaction
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Eric Greenfield; David Nowak. 2023. Percent tree and impervious cover for 2020 and projected in 2070 for three RPA scenarios (average, maximum and minimum) for the 2020 RPA Assessment.
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Eric Greenfield; Karen Schleeweis. 2023. Comparing the USDA Forest Service Tree Canopy Cover Datasets 2011, 2016, 2019 and 2021 with Photointerpretation of High-Resolution Google Earth Imagery: Guidance for Use in in Community Scale Forest Management.
2020 Supporting Data and Tools
See all the guides/products for facilitating use of RPA data.
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Topichttps://research.fs.usda.gov/inventory/rpaa/datause
All links are pointing to the Forest Service Research Data Archive.
- Coulson, David P.; Joyce, Linda A. 2020. RPA Historical observational data (1979-2015) for the conterminous United States at the 1/24 degree grid scale based on MACA training data. 2nd Edition.
- Joyce, Linda A.; Abatzoglou, John T.; Coulson, David P. 2018. Climate data for RPA 2020 Assessment: MACAv2 (METDATA) historical modeled (1950-2005) and future (2006-2099) projections for the conterminous United States at the 1/24 degree grid scale.
- Wear, David N.; Prestemon, Jeffrey P. 2019. Socioeconomic data for Forest Service 2020 RPA Assessment.
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Carlson, Amanda R.; Radeloff, Volker C.; Helmers, David P.; Mockrin, Miranda H.; Hawbaker, Todd J.; Pidgeon, Anna. 2023. Proportions of wildland vegetation in proximity to buildings: Assessments for the conterminous United States.
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Joyce, Linda A.; Kay, Shannon L. 2026. Historical temperature and precipitation data for the conterminous United States used in TCSI statistic in the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2026-0009
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Joyce, Linda A.; Kay, Shannon L. 2026. Historical and projected annual vegetation carbon data for the conterminous United States used in the TCSI statistic. Fort Collins, CO: Forest Service Research Data Archive. https://doi.org/10.2737/RDS-2026-0010
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Toolhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/pnw/products/dataandtools/national-aquatic-biodiversity-assessment-storymap
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Dashboardhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/pnw/products/dataandtools/national-aquatic-biodiversity-assessment-dashboard
- Costanza, Jennifer; Koch, Frank; Reeves, Matthew C. 2022a. Monthly drought index for the conterminous United States: 6-month and 36-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for 10 climate scenarios, 1950-2070
- Costanza, Jennifer K.; Koch, Frank H.; Reeves, Matthew C. 2022b. Monthly drought index for the conterminous United States: 6-month and 36-month Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index (SPEI) for observed climate data, 1950-2018
- Potter, Kevin M.; Riitters, Kurt H. 2023. Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) invasive plant data aggregated by U.S. county, 2005-2018
- Brooks, Evan B.; Coulston, John W.; Riitters, Kurt H.; Wear, David N. 2023. Spatial Realizations of county-level land use projections
- Mihiar, Christopher M.; Lewis, David J.; Coulston, John W. 2023. County-level land-use projections for the conterminous United States, 2020-2070, used in the 2020 RPA Assessment.
- Riitters, Kurt, H. 2023. County-level land cover patterns for the conterminous United States for the 2020 RPA Assessment
Visit the 2020 Resources Planning Act Assessment Interactive Data Explorer for interactive maps and dashboards that visualize trends and projections of forest and rangeland resources.
Previously Recorded Webinars
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/scenarios-and-projections-2020-resources-planning-act-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/climate-scenarios-and-projections-2020-resources-planning-act
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/forest-resources-united-states
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/science-x-planning-forests-future-resources-planning-act-land
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/science-x-planning-forests-future-rangeland-resources-and-biodiversity
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/science-x-planning-forests-future-national-report-sustainable-forests
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/science-x-planning-forests-future-forest-resources-and-disturbance
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/science-x-planning-forests-future-forest-products-and-water-resources
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/evaluating-change-and-future-us-land-base-2020-rpa-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/recent-and-future-trends-forest-and-rangeland-disturbances-2020-rpa
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/recent-and-future-trends-forest-resources-2020-rpa-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/recent-and-future-trends-forest-product-markets-2020-rpa-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/recent-and-future-trends-rangeland-resources-2020-rpa-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/recent-and-future-trends-water-resources-2020-rpa-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/patterns-wildlife-and-aquatic-biodiversity-2020-rpa-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/recent-and-future-trends-outdoor-recreation-2020-rpa-assessment
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Webinarshttps://research.fs.usda.gov/products/multimedia/webinars/expert-roundtable-discussion-2020-resources-planning-act-assessment
2020 Assessment Contributing Scientists
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Person
Consuelo Brandeis, PhD
Research Foresterhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/consuelo.brandeis -
Person
Brett J. Butler, PhD
Research Foresterhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/brett.butler2 -
Person
Jennifer Costanza, PhD
Research Ecologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/jennifer.costanza -
Person
John W. Coulston, PhD
Project Leader/Supervisory Research Foresterhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/john.coulston -
Person
Rebecca Flitcroft, PhD
Research Fish Biologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/rebecca.flitcroft -
Person
Eric J. Greenfield, PhD
Foresterhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/eric.j.greenfield -
Person
Linda A. Joyce, PhD
Emeritus Research Ecologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/linda.joyce -
Person
Michael Knowles
Ecologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/michael.s.knowles -
Person
Frank H. H. Koch, PhD
Research Ecologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/frank.h.koch -
Person
Christopher Mihiar
Research Economisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/christopher.mihiar -
Person
Miranda H. Mockrin, PhD
Research Scientisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/miranda.h.mockrin -
Person
Mark D. D. Nelson, PhD
Research Foresterhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/mark.d.nelson -
Person
Prakash Nepal, PhD
Research Economisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/prakash.nepal -
Person
Sonja Oswalt
Forest Resource Analysthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/sonja.n.oswalt -
Person
Kevin M. Potter, PhD
Research Ecologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/kevin.potter -
Person
Jeffrey P. Prestemon, PhD
Emeritus Research Foresterhttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/jeff.prestemon -
Person
Matt C. Reeves, PhD
Research Ecologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/matt.c.reeves -
Person
Kurt Riitters, PhD
Research Ecologisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/kurt.h.riitters -
Person
Karen G. Schleeweis, PhD
Supervisory Biological Scientisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/karen.schleeweis -
Person
Travis Warziniack, PhD
Research Economisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/travis.warziniack -
Person
Eric M. White, PhD
Research Quantitative Social Scientisthttps://research.fs.usda.gov/about/people/eric.m.white