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- Capturing the social dynamic processes among household members that work to shape consumption patterns presents a complex problem for household resource conservation studies. To bridge the gap between the individual and household, we propose and test a series of quantitative measures that explore the underlying structure of household social dynamic processes through the lens of social practice theory. Based on previous qualitative research, we develop measures to test five distinct social dynamic processes that either encourage or deter pro-environmental action: enhancing, norming,...AuthorsHolly Caggiano, Sonya Ahamed, William Lytle, Chelsea Schelly, Kristin Floress, Cara L. Cuite, Rachael ShwomKeywordsSourceJournal of Environmental Studies and SciencesYear2023
- Forest management affects conditions for both early- and late-seral organisms, and managers and conservationists require information for balancing the ostensibly opposing habitat needs of both these guilds. We conducted meta-analyses that examined silvicultural systems with a range of postharvest retention and their impacts on mature-forest and shrubland bird species densities in eastern North America during the breeding season. Densities of mature-forest bird species generally declined as canopy tree retention and basal area decreased, although some mature-forest species had similar...AuthorsMichael E. Akresh, David King, Savannah L. McInvale, Jeffery L. Larkin, Anthony W. D'AmatoKeywordsSourceEcosphereYear2023
- Our understanding of how bees (Apoidea) use temperate forests is largely limited to sampling the understory and forest floor. Studies over the last decade have demonstrated that bee communities are vertically stratified within forests, yet the ecology of bee assemblages immediately above the canopy, the canopy-aerosphere interface, remains unexplored. We sampled and compared bee communities above the canopy of a temperate forest to the understory (1 m), midstory (10 m), and canopy (20 m) on the campus of the University of Massachusetts, in Amherst, Massachusetts, United States from April...AuthorsMichael J. Cunningham‐Minnick, Joan Milam, Brian Kane, H. Patrick Roberts, David KingKeywordsSourceEcology and EvolutionYear2023
- Climate change and land-use change are leading drivers of biodiversity decline, affecting demographic parameters that are important for population persistence. For example, scientists have speculated for decades that climate change may skew adult sex ratios in taxa that express temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), but limited evidence exists that this phenomenon is occurring in natural settings. For species that are vulnerable to anthropogenic land-use practices, differential mortality among sexes may also skew sex ratios. We sampled the spotted turtle (Clemmys guttata), a...AuthorsH. Patrick Roberts, Lisabeth L. Willey, Michael T. Jones, Thomas S. B. Akre, David King, John Kleopfer, Donald J. Brown, Scott W. Buchanan, Houston C. Chandler, Phillip deMaynadier, Melissa Winters, Lori Erb, Katharine D. Gipe, Glenn Johnson, Kathryn Lauer, Eric B. Liebgold, Jonathan D. Mays, Jessica R. Meck, Joshua Megyesy, Joel L. Mota, Nathan H. Nazdrowicz, Kevin J. Oxenrider, Molly Parren, Tami S. Ransom, Lindsay Rohrbaugh, Scott Smith, Derek Yorks, Brian ZarateKeywordsSourceGlobal Change BiologyYear2023
- Ecosystem services provided by the natural enemies of agricultural pests can increase crop yield in low intensity agricultural systems. However, these services are highly variable, and trade-offs may exist between harmful and beneficial species. An increasing proportion of New England farms have adopted farming practices that retain extensive native vegetation, and prior research has shown these practices support native bird populations. To determine the pest control services provided by birds on low-intensity New England farms, we compared pest populations and leaf damage on crops where...AuthorsSamuel J. Mayne, David King, Jeremy C. Andersen, Joseph S. ElkintonKeywordsSourceAgriculture, Ecosystems & EnvironmentYear2023
- Wildfires and housing development have increased since the 1990s, presenting unique challenges for wildfire management. However, it is unclear how the relative influences of housing growth and changing wildfire occurrence have altered risk to homes, or the potential for wildfire to threaten homes. We used a random forests model to predict burn probability in relation to weather variables at 1-km resolution and monthly intervals from 1990 through 2019 in the Southern Rocky Mountains ecoregion. We quantified risk by combining the predicted burn probabilities with decadal housing density. We...AuthorsTodd J. Hawbaker, Paul D. Henne, Melanie K. Vanderhoof, Amanda R. Carlson, Miranda H. Mockrin, Volker C. RadeloffKeywordsSourceEcosphereYear2023
- While many practitioners and scholars understand the risks associated with low urban tree diversity, they often lack the ability to rectify this challenge on their own. The complex system of tree production and procurement is shaped by market pressures, nursery and site constraints, local governance, and differing professional objectives among those who grow, specify, and plant trees. To understand constraints to and opportunities for increasing urban tree diversity, we conducted a series of focus groups comprised of nursery growers, landscape architects, and municipal tree managers. Our...AuthorsDeborah R. Hilbert, Andrew K. Koeser, Michael Andreu, Mysha Clarke, Gail Hansen, Lara Roman, Mack ThetfordSourceSociety & Natural ResourcesYear2023
- Decomposition transfers carbon (C) from detrital organic matter to soil and atmospheric pools. In forested ecosystems, deadwood accounts for a large proportion of the detrital C pool and is primarily decomposed by wood-inhabiting fungi (WIF). Deadwood reductions linked to forest harvesting may alter WIF richness and composition, thus indirectly influencing the persistence of deadwood and its contribution to C and nutrient cycling. Forest structure was enhanced via canopy gap creation and coarse woody debris (CWD) addition that mimic natural disturbance by windfall within a deciduous...AuthorsLili Perreault, Jodi A. Forrester, Daniel Lindner, Michelle A. Jusino, Shawn Fraver, Mark Banik, David J. MladenoffKeywordsSourceFungal EcologyYear2023
- Past industrial activities have generated many contaminated lands from which Mercury (Hg) escapes, primarily by volatilization. Current phytomanagement techniques aim to limit Hg dispersion by increasing its stabilization in soil. Although soil fungi represent a source of Hg emission associated with biovolatilization mechanisms, there is limited knowledge about how dead fungal residues (i.e., fungal necromass) interact with soil Hg. This study determined the Hg biosorption potential of fungal necromass and the chemical drivers of passive Hg binding with dead mycelia. Fungal necromass was...AuthorsFrançois Maillard, Stéphane Pflender, Katherine A. A. Heckman, Michel Chalot, Peter G. KennedyKeywordsSourceChemosphereYear2023
- Wildfires are a global crisis, but current fire models fail to capture vegetation response to changing climate. With drought and elevated temperature increasing the importance of vegetation dynamics to fire behavior, and the advent of next generation models capable of capturing increasingly complex physical processes, we provide a renewed focus on representation of woody vegetation in fire models. Currently, the most advanced representations of fire behavior and biophysical fire effects are found in distinct classes of fine-scale models and do not capture variation in live fuel (i.e....AuthorsAlexandra K. Jonko, Rodman R. Linn, Ilkay Altintas, Adam L. Atchley, L. Turin Dickman, Andreas Bar, Adam D. Collins, Jean-Luc Dupuy, Michael R. Gallagher, J. Kevin Hiers, Chad M. Hoffman, Sharon M. Hood, Matthew D. Hurteau, W. Matt Jolly, Alexander Josephson, E. Louise Loudermilk, Wu Ma, Sean T. Michaletz, Rachael H. Nolan, Joseph J. O’Brien, Russell A. Parsons, Raquel Partelli-Feltrin, Francois Pimont, Vıctor Resco de Dios, Joseph Restaino, Zachary J. Robbins, Karla A. Sartor, Emily Schultz-Fellenz, Shawn P. Serbin, Sanna Sevanto, Jacquelyn K. Shuman, Carolyn H. Sieg, Nicholas Skowronski, David R. Weise, Molly Wright, Chonggang Xu, Marta Yebra, Nicolas YounesKeywordsSourceNew Phytologist. 238(3): 952-970.Year2023