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- Methods used to assign rarity among species are fundamental to our ecological understanding and conservation of species that are most vulnerable to extinction or extirpation. Bees (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Anthophila) are at the forefront of declines in pollinator diversity and a comprehensive understanding of their conservation requirements in any landscape is essential. Rarity is generally defined in terms of numerical abundance and geographical distribution, though aspects of species life history, such as degree of specialization and taxonomic relatedness, are also widely recognized as...AuthorsMichael J. Cunningham-Minnick, Joan Milam, David KingKeywordsSourceEcological IndicatorsYear2022
- 1. The ecology of the canopy–aerosphere interface within forested ecosystems remains underexplored largely due to the challenges of physically accessing this zone. Sky bridges, towers and other permanent structures are most commonly used to sample the forest canopy–aerosphere interface, but these methods are costly, challenging to replicate, and often alter and degrade the local environment during construction. Thus, there is a clear need for cost-effective and replicable methods for accessing and passively sampling above the forest canopy. 2. We designed and deployed an inexpensive and...AuthorsMichael J. Cunningham‐Minnick, H. Patrick Roberts, Brian Kane, Joan Milam, David KingKeywordsSourceMethods in Ecology and EvolutionYear2022
- A lack of regional and international collective action is the greatest barrier to achieving global environmental sustainability. Game theoretic experiments suggest that introducing shared goals could offer a path forward.AuthorsAndrew R. TilmanSourceNature SustainabilityYear2022
- Water table depth and vegetation are key controls of methane (CH4) emissions from peatlands. Microtopography integrates these factors into features called microforms. Microforms often differ in CH4 emissions, but microform-dependent patterns of belowground CH4 cycling remain less clearly resolved. To investigate the impact of microtopography on belowground CH4 cycling, we characterized depth profiles of the community composition and activity of CH4-cycling microbes using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, incubations, and measurements of porewater CH4 concentration and isotopic composition from...AuthorsClarice R. Perryman, Carmody K. McCalley, Jessica G. Ernakovich, Louis J. Lamit, Joanne H. Shorter, Erik Lilleskov, Ruth K. VarnerSourceJournal of Geophysical Research: BiogeosciencesYear2022
- This article is composed of three independent commentaries about the state of Integrated, Coordinated, Open, Networked (ICON) principles in the American Geophysical Union Biogeosciences section, and discussion on the opportunities and challenges of adopting them. Each commentary focuses on a different topic: (a) Global collaboration, technology transfer, and application (Section 2), (b) Community engagement, community science, education, and stakeholder involvement (Section 3), and (c) Field, experimental, remote sensing, and real-time data research and application (Section 4). We discuss...AuthorsD. Dwivedi, A. L. D. Santos, M. A. Barnard, T. M. Crimmins, A. Malhotra, K. A. Rod, K. S. Aho, S. M. Bell, B. Bomfim, F. Q. Brearley, H. Cadillo‐Quiroz, J. Chen, C. M. Gough, E. B. Graham, C. R. Hakkenberg, L. Haygood, G. Koren, Erik Lilleskov, L. K. Meredith, S. Naeher, Z. L. Nickerson, O. Pourret, H.‐S Song, M. Stahl, N. Taş, R. Vargas, S. Weintraub‐LeffSourceEarth and Space ScienceYear2022
- Peat mosses of the genus Sphagnum are ecosystem engineers that frequently predominate over photosynthetic production in boreal peatlands. Sphagnum spp. host diverse microbial communities capable of nitrogen fixation (diazotrophy) and methane oxidation (methanotrophy), thereby potentially supporting plant growth under severely nutrient-limited conditions. Moreover, diazotrophic methanotrophs represent a possible "missing link" between the carbon and nitrogen cycles, but the functional contributions of the Sphagnum-associated microbiome remain in question. A combination of metagenomics,...AuthorsMax Kolton, David J. Weston, Xavier Mayali, Peter K. Weber, Karis J. McFarlane, Jennifer Pett-Ridge, Mark M. Somoza, Jory Lietard, Jennifer B. Glass, Erik Lilleskov, A. Jonathan Shaw, Susannah Tringe, Paul J. Hanson, Joel E. KostkaKeywordsSourcemBioYear2022
- It is often difficult to compile and synthesise evidence across multiple studies to inform policy and practice because different outcomes have been measured in different ways or datasets and models have not been fully or consistently reported. In the case of peatlands, a critical terrestrial carbon store, this lack of consistency hampers the evidence-based decisions in policy and practice that are needed to support effective restoration and conservation. This study adapted methods pioneered in the medical community to reach consensus over peatland outcomes that could be consistently...AuthorsMark S. Reed, Dylan M. Young, Nigel G. Taylor, Roxane Andersen, Nicholle G. A. Bell, Hinsby Cadillo-Quiroz, Matthew Grainger, Andreas Heinemeyer, Kristell Hergoualc'h, Adam M. Gerrand, Johannes Kieft, Haruni Krisnawati, Erik Lilleskov, Gabriela Lopez-Gonzalez, Lulie Melling, Hannah Rudman, Sophie Sjogersten, Jonathan S. Walker, Gavin StewartSourceMires & Peat. 28: 26. 21p.Year2022
- Peatlands account for 15 to 30% of the world’s soil carbon (C) stock and are important controls over global nitrogen (N) cycles. However, C and N concentrations are known to vary among peatlands contributing to the uncertainty of global C inventories, but there are few global studies that relate peatland classification to peat chemistry. We analyzed 436 peat cores sampled in 24 countries across six continents and measured C, N, and organic matter (OM) content at three depths down to 70 cm. Sites were distinguished between northern (387) and tropical (49) peatlands and assigned to one of...AuthorsShanay T. Williams, Joseph B. Yavitt, Zhi-Guo Yu, Geoff Zahn, Shaun Watmough, Spencer Gilbert-Parkes, Nathan Basiliko, Louis J. Lamit, Erik Lilleskov, Roxanne Andersen, Jhon del Aguila-Pasquel, Rebekka E. Artz, Brian W. Benscoter, Werner Borken, Luca Bragazza, Stefani M. Brandt, Suzanna L. Bräuer, Michael A. Carson, Xin Chen, Rodney A. Chimner, Bev R. Clarkson, Alexander R. Cobb, Andrea S. Enriquez, Jenny Farmer, Samantha P. Grover, Charles F. Harvey, Lorna I Harris, Christina Hazard, Alison M. Hoyt, John Hribljan, Jyrki Jauhiainen, Sari Juutinen, Evan Kane, Klaus-Holger Knorr, Randy Kolka, Mari Könönen, Anna M. Laine, Tuula Larmola, Patrick A. Levasseur, Carmody K. McCalley, Jim McLaughlin, Tim R. Moore, Nadia Mykytczuk, Anna E. Normand, Virginia Rich, Bryce Robinson, Danielle L. Rupp, Jasmine Rutherford, Christopher W. Schadt, Dave S. Smith, Graeme Spiers, Leho Tedersoo, Pham Q. Thu, Carl C. Trettin, Eeva-Stiina Tuittila, Merritt Turetsky, Zuzana Urbanová, Ruth K. Varner, Mark P. Waldrop, Meng Wang, Zheng Wang, Matt Warren, Magdalena M. WiedermannSourcePLOS ONEYear2022
- Many trees depend on symbiotic ectomycorrhizal fungi for nutrients in exchange for photosynthetically derived carbohydrates. Trees growing in peatlands, which cover 3% of the earth’s terrestrial surface area yet hold approximately one-third of organic soil carbon stocks, may benefit from ectomycorrhizal fungi that can efficiently forage for nutrients and degrade organic matter using oxidative enzymes such as class II peroxidases. However, such traits may place a higher carbon cost on both the fungi and host tree. To investigate these trade-offs that might structure peatland ectomycorrhizal...AuthorsStefan F. Hupperts, Erik LilleskovKeywordsSourceMycorrhizaYear2022
- Northern peatlands play an important role in the global C cycle due to their large C stocks and high potential methane (CH4) emissions. The CH4 and CO2 cycles of these systems are closely linked to hydrology, with water table level regulating the balance of oxic and anoxic conditions and the water content of Sphagnum mosses that dominate primary production. Previous work has demonstrated that hyperspectral indices well-suited to the detection of altered hydrology in Sphagnum peatlands are also highly correlated with GPP. However, little work has been done to extend these findings to CH4...AuthorsColin Tucker, Ally O’Neill, Karl Meingast, Laura Bourgeau‐Chavez, Erik Lilleskov, Evan KaneSourceJournal of Geophysical Research: BiogeosciencesYear2022