Treesearch

This report contains information for the years 1994-96 compiled from canvass of all pulpmills that use pulpwood produced in the 13 Northeastern States. It contains data on pulpwood production and consumption from roundwood by county and on pulpwood chip production from manufacturing residues by state. Trends in pulpwood production are shown graphically.

Evaluates removals and timber output of New York. Results are based on survey of primary processing mills located in the state and of mills in other states that used wood from New York. Incorporates additional studies conducted during standard statewide forest inventories. Contains statistics of industrial roundwood production and the production and final end use of manufacturing residues. Comparisons are made between historical and current data and trends in both industrial and nonindustrial forest products are noted. Contains graphics and statistical tables.

The total industrial harvest in West Virginia in 1994 was more than 165 million cubic feet, a 38-percent increase since 1987. Sawlogs accounted for 75 percent of the total and pulpwood accounted for 28 percent. During this 7-year period sawlog production increased by 44 percent to 812 million board feet. Pulpwood production reached 348,000 cords of roundwood and 334,000 cords equivalents of residue chips. Oak species accounted for 52 percent of total sawlog production and yellow-poplar accounted for 24 percent of the combined sawlog veneer log harvest.

Understanding the effects of silvicultural treatments on understory vegetation is important in predicting the consequences of such treatments, not only on regeneration but also on wildlife habitat, visual qualities, and recreation. We sought to develop an empirical model of understory response that could be generalized to other forest types. We analyzed understory populations of tree species for 15 years following thinning to different residual relative densities in 50- to 55-year-old Allegheny hardwoods. The average number of stems 1 ft (0.3 m) tall to 1 in (2.5 cm) dbh increased for 3 to...

Natural landscape surface processes are largely controlled by the relationship between climate and vegetation. Water balance integrates the effects of climate on patterns of vegetation distribution and productivity, and for that season, functional relationships can be established using water balance variables as predictors of vegetation response. In this study, we evaluate, at the country and ecoregion level of analysis, the relationships between indicators of vegetation productivity and seasonality with several water balance variables. Vegetation indicators were derived from multitemporal...

ln naturally regenerating hardwood forest stands, inputs of organic matter and nutrients from fine root turnover and decomposition are significant but not well-quantified. Four forest stands in southern Indiana-aged 6, 12, 31, and approximately 100 years since clearcutting at the time of the study-were chosen to represent the different developmental stages of upland temperate hardwood forest stands. Changes in live and dead fine root biomass and fine root growth were monitored to calculate total fine root decomposition. Autumnal aboveground litterfall was collected to compare above- and...

Assessment of faunal distribution in relation to landscape features is becoming increasingly popular. Technological advances in remote sensing have encouraged regional analyses of the distributions of terrestrial vertebrates. Comparisons of the strength of association of habitat characteristics at various scales of measurement of habitat structure are rare. We compared the associations of forest cover-type, stand size-class, and stand structure to abundance of breeding bird species in managed forest in northern New England. We surveyed breeding birds and measured stand structure in 20...

Cadavers of late instar Lymantria dispar (gypsy moth) larvae killed by the fungal pathogen Entomophaga maimaiga predominantly contain resting spores (azygospores). These cadavers frequently remain attached to tree trunks for several weeks before they detach and fall to the ground. Density gradient centrifugation was used to quantify resting spores in the soil and on tree bark. Titers of resting spores were extremely high at 0-10 cm from the base of the tree and the number decreased with distance from the trunk of the tree. Titers were also highest in the organic layer of the soil with...

As part of a study of forest resilience to gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar) defoliation, small mammals were sampled with live (box) and pitfall traps for 16 years at three elevations on a mountain in west-central Vermont, USA. The more mesic, lowerslope location had the most diverse small-mammal community. White-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) were the most commonly captured small mammal at all locations, but less so at the lowest elevation. Southern red-backed voles (Clethrionomys gapperi), eastern chipmunks (Tamias striatus), and northern short-tailed shrews (Blarina brevicauda) were also...

The insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis is due primarily to Cry and Cyt proteins. Cry proteins are typically toxic to lepidopterous, coleopterous, or dipterous insects, whereas the known toxicity of Cyt proteins is limited to dipterans. We report here that a Cyt protein, Cyt1Aa, is also highly toxic to the cottonwood leaf beetle, Chrysomela scripta, with a median lethal concentration of 2.5 ng/mm2 of leaf surface for second-instar larvae. Additionally, we show that Cyt1Aa suppresses resistance to Cry3Aa greater than 5,000-fold in C. scripta, a level only partially overcome by...