Treesearch

Small mammal caching of oak (Quercus spp.) acorns in adjacent red pine (Pinus resinosa) and mixed-oak stands was investigated at The Penn State Experimental Forest, Huntingdon Co., Pennsylvania. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and mice (Peromyscus spp.) were the most common acorn-caching species.

Stump sprouts were the single most important type of regeneration in a central hardwood forest in Connecticut during the first 5 years after whole-tree clearcuttting. Herbs, shrubs, tree seedlings, and stump sprouts were inventoried using stratified permanent plots on a 6-ha watershed during the first, third, and fifth years after harvest.

A provenance/progeny test was established in south central Indiana with seedlings from 72 open-pollinated families from across the commercial range of black walnut (Juglans nigra L.). The seedlings were grown in a conventional hardwood nursery and in containers in a greenhouse. Seedlings were outplanted in 1981 on an old-field site in Johnson County using a split plot design with families randomly assigned within planting stock type.

Two upland hardwood stands were clearcut in 1978 and three treatments to control the unmerchantable and/or cull trees were applied. The treatments applied to the residual trees were chainsaw felling, herbicide injection, and a control, where residual trees were left standing. Regeneration was sampled 10 years after the cutting.

The effects of gypsy moth defoliation and subsequent overstory mortality on regeneration were located in the Appalachian Plateau physiographic province, and the Maryland stands were located in the Ridge & Valley province. Pre-defoliation data (1984-1986) were compared with post-defoliation data (1989) from the same 315 six-foot-radius plots.

Analysis of cutting opportunities of oak-hickory forests of West Virginia reveals a storehouse of economic opportunity. The potential cut from silviculturally sound thinning, regeneration, and harvest opportunities totals 100 million cords, or 60 times the current annual harvest of growing stock volume from the state.

Young-growth hardwood forests in the central hardwood region will require intensive management if they are to help meet the Nation's increasing demand for wood. Such management generally will require entries into the stands when the trees are small. Many small-scale machines are available for harvesting small wood. Time and motion studies were conducted on small-scale logging operations in the Northeast. The small tractors were studied in a wide range of forest and operating conditions.

Variations of diameter-limit and perhaps single-tree selection harvesting are used to regenerate and manage central Appalachian hardwood sawtimber stands. In practice, these methods differ in terms of cut rules, control of stand structure, and cultural treatment of immature stems. Preliminary information is provided to compare the effect of two differing harvest practices on the residual stand--species composition, tree quality, stand structure, and return on residual stand value. Data were obtained from second-growth central Appalachian hardwood stands managed under a given harvesting...

Two methods of estimating harvesting revenue--reported stumpage prices - and delivered prices minus estimated harvesting and haul costs were compared by estimating entry cash flows and rotation net present value for three simulated even-aged forest management options that included 1 to 3 thinnings over a 90 year rotation. Revenue estimates derived from stumpage prices indicated that all thinnings were economically feasible and that net present value was maximized by initiating thinning at age 40. Revenue estimates derived from estimated harvesting costs and delivered prices revealed that...

Stand density, stand structure (diameter distribution), and species composition are all changed by intermediate treatments in forest stands. To use computer stand-growth simulators to assess the effects of different treatments on stand growth and development, users must be able to duplicate silviculturally realistic treatments in the simulator. In this paper, we review the computer algorithms for partial cuts associated with the FBER, NE-TWIGS, OAKSIM, SILVAH and YIELD-MS computer programs. We assess these algorithms with respect to flexibility, comprehensiveness, and their ability to...