Treesearch

Emerging sustainability research has called for scaling up coproductionbecausesustainability challengesspanadministrative, institutional, cultural, and physical boundaries and often occur at different scales than co-production tends to happen. To scale up co-production equitably, any such efforts must center the power dynamics intrinsic to rescaling. We highlight how scale itself is constructed by different actors and that the reconfiguration of scale has implications for power asymmetries among different stakeholders and communities. We call for new knowledge infrastructures to support...

Industry 4.0, a term referring to the digitization of manufacturing, enhanced automation, and data-driven production systems, promises to bring rapid change to the secondary woodworking industry. Manufacturers in this sector, many being small in size and scale, may be challenged to remain competitive without understanding how Industry 4.0 principles might affect their operations. A study conducted with subscribers to a major secondary wood industry trade journal found that few North American woodworking companies were familiar with the term "Industry 4.0." However, that did not mean they...

Mercury and sulfur in Upper Great Lakes watersheds of Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan are persistent pollutants that threaten ecosystem services and human health. In 2021, the U.S. Congress directed the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service’s Northern Research Station to study mercury and sulfur pollution in the Great Lakes region over a 5-year period. Specifically, the Northern Research Station was directed to generate science to inform policy regarding mercury and sulfur pollution and to implement demonstration sites for proposed remediation technologies. This report describes...

Trees provide critical contributions to human well-being. They sequester and store greenhouse gasses, filter air pollutants, provide wood, food, and other products, among other benefits. These benefits are threatened by climate change, fires, pests and pathogens. To quantify the current value of the flow of ecosystem services from U.S. trees, and the threats they face, we combine macroevolutionary and economic valuation approaches using spatially explicit data about tree species and lineages. We find that the value of five key ecosystem services with adequate data generated by US trees is...

Biological invasions are among the most serious threats to native forest ecosystems worldwide due to ever-increasing international trade and global change. Understanding the invasion processes and ecology of invasive pests in both newly invaded and native habitats is necessary to effectively manage the risks they pose. The emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, is one of the most devastating invasive forest insect pests in North America and has also invaded European Russia and parts of Europe. Through synthesizing historical data spanning >100 years and contemporary field observation...

The longevity of a single 22.4 Mg·ha-1 application of dolomitic limestone at four northern hardwood stands was evaluated over 30 years (1986–2016) to determine whether changes in soils, foliage, and tree growth were sustained on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in northern Pennsylvania, USA. In limed plots, soils, sampled to 45–55 cm depth, and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) foliage had significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) through 2016 compared with samples from unlimed plots. Ca and Mg capitals...

We derive a nested risk measure for a maximization problem and implement it in a scenario-based for- mulation of a multi-stage stochastic mixed-integer programming problem. We apply the risk-averse for- mulation to the surveillance and control of a non-native forest insect, the emerald ash borer (EAB), a wood-boring beetle native to Asia and recently discovered in North America. Spreading across the east- ern United States and Canada, EAB has killed millions of ash trees and cost homeowners and local gov- ernments billions of dollars. We present a mean-Conditional Value-at-Risk (CVaR),...

Oak wilt caused by Bretziella fagacearum is an important disease of Quercus spp.; however, its diagnosis may be confused with damage resulting from other diseases, insects, or abiotic factors. Laboratory diagnosis is important in such situations and when disease control action is desired. PCR tests can provide accurate lab diagnosis within 2 days. Two variations of a simple DNA extraction protocol using sodium hydroxide (NaOH) were compared with that of the proprietary protocol of a commercially available kit (CK) for nested PCR to detect the pathogen in oak sapwood. High frequencies of...

Beet curly top virus (BCTV) mediated yield loss in sugar beets is a major problem worldwide. The circular single-stranded DNA virus is transmitted by the beet leafhopper. Genetic sources of BCTV resistance in sugar beet are limited and commercial cultivars rely on chemical treatments versus durable genetic resistance. Phenotypic selection and double haploid production have resulted in sugar beet germplasm (KDH13; 13 and KDH4-9; 4) that are highly resistant to BCTV. The molecular mechanism of resistance to the virus is unknown, especially the role of small non-coding RNAs (sncRNAs) during...

Mean annual air temperatures are projected to increase, while the winter snowpack is expected to shrink in depth and duration for many mid- and high-latitude temperate forest ecosystems over the next several decades. Together, these changes will lead to warmer growing season soil temperatures and an increased frequency of soil freeze–thaw cycles (FTCs) in winter. We took advantage of the Climate Change Across Seasons Experiment (CCASE) at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in the White Mountains of New Hampshire, USA, to determine how these changes in soil temperature affect foliar...