Treesearch

The Recreation Opportunity Spectrum (ROS) system is used by the USDA Forest Service and USDI Bureau of Land Management for inventorying, classifying, and managing wildlands for recreation. Different ROS classes from the Colorado and Arkansas Rivers in Colorado were compared, using visitor survey data collected in 1979 and 1981, to see if the different classes offered different recreational experience opportunities. No difference between classes was found. Six possible reasons for not finding a difference are discussed. The usefulness of ROS at the broader levels of planning and the needs...

Optimum light levels for shelterwood cutting to develop the large advance regeneration that require were investigated using eight shade-cloth treatments. Seedlings of northern red oak, black oak, black cherry and red maple were grow under these light treatments for 2 years. Height and diameter were measured annually, and samples were harvested for dry weight and leaf area determination. All of the species grew the least at the lowest light level. Height and diameter growth for seedlings of black cherry, red maple, northern red oak, and black oak all reached a plateau at from 20% to 94%...

Many approaches have been taken to describe bird feeding behavior. Comparisons between different studies, however, have been difficult because of differences in terminology. We propose to establish a classification scheme for North American birds by using common terminology based on major food type, substrate, and technique, using foraging guilds.

Two new combinations, Crustoderma teustatum and Crustoderma sabinicum, are proposed. Basidiocarp and culture descriptions of C. testatum are included.

Of three environmental variables affecting black walnut seedling establishment, moisture stress overshadowed the effects of fescue leachate and fertilizer. Interactions between moisture stress and family and between fescue leachate and moisture stress for both seedling height and dry weight suggested that selection for tolerance to moisture stress is possible, whereas progress from selecting for resistance to rescue leachate would be difficult. Family response to high moisture stress resulted in reductions of 17 to 33 percent in height and 36 to 48 percent in dry weight when compared with...

The effects of six crown-release treatments on growth and bole quality development of 54-year-old dominant, codominant, and intermediate red maples (Acer rubrum L.) were evaluated on a good red maple site (site index = 19.3 mat 50 years) in upper Michigan. Results showed that crown release stimulated the growth of dominants, codominants, and strong intermediates without appreciably degrading log quality. The heavier 1.5- to 4.6-m crown-release treatments resulted in 7-year average DBH growth increases over the unreleased controls of 70% for dominants, 96% for codominants, and 108% for...

Twenty breeding populations of jack pine were established in 1979 and 1980 in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan. Four populations were index populations and were each established at 4 locations by research cooperators. Sixteen populations were applied breeding populations and were established at single locations by public and private cooperators. Combined analysis of height at age 5 in index populations at three locations indicated little genotype x environment interaction and heritability of 0.19. Separate analysis of index populations indicated that the amount of genotype x environment...

This paper describes field experiments in using sod-forming grasses from lower elevations as soil stabilizers, and discusses the effects of fertilizing and transplanting native vegetation as part of an integrated management plan for rehabilitating alpine plant communities in the Adirondacks. Results show that it is possible to stabilize severely degraded alpine communities by seeding exposed humus and detritus with bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) or red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) and fertilizing with a complete fertilizer and lime. When the treated areas are protected from further hiker...

After 14 years, survival of 8 of 25 planted black cherry sources is greater than 70 percent, and there are no significant differences in height. These sources offer the greater potential for planting in northwestern Pennsylvania; they include four Pennsylvania sources plus one each from Tennessee, West Virginia, Ohio, and Virginia. Planted trees did not grow better than nearby natural seedlings.

Logging cost simulators and data from logging cost studies have been assembled and converted into a series of equations that can be used to estimate the stump-to-mill cost of cable logging in mountainous terrain in the Eastern United States. These equations include the use of two small and four mediumsize cable yarders and are appropriate for harvested trees ranging in diameter from 6 to 24 inches. Cost components can be determined easily with a hand calculator. A program that can be used with many desktop computers also is available that calculates the total stump-to-mill logging for...