Treesearch

A discussion of (1) what is meant by the concept of recreational carrying capacity; (2) what is known about capacities in terms of both how resources and experience of visitors are affected by recreational use; and (3) what alternative procedures the administrator can use to manage both resources and visitors for capacity.

Restoration of vegetation on damaged sites is the most perplexing challenge in facility rehabilitation. In the Adirondack Mountains, the ecological impact of recreationists on the natural environment has become critical in two high-quality interior areas: on the steep higher slopes where trails soon become eroding stream channels, washing away the thin mountain soils; and on the open summits where the fragile alpine communities are trampled by traffic from below. Our research efforts of 6 years have yielded a technique for restoring the deteriorating summits. We are trying to involve the...

The proposed methodology of planning is a description, explanation, and justification of the methods or techniques that a planner should use in preparing outdoor recreation development plans. The sequence of steps required is described

In terms of mortality caused by insects, defoliators are the most serious enemies of oaks at the present time. An oak leaf tier, Croesia semipurprana, is one of the principal defoliators of trees in the red oak group. Oak leaf rollers, primarily Archips semiferana, have been responsible for widespread mortality in white and chestnut oaks. Defoliation by the gypsy moth, Porthetria dispar, could become the major insect problem in the Appalachian Region and possibly throughout the Eastern United States. Economically, wood borers may be the most important at present.

In recent years the National Forests have experienced much controversy over multiple-use management Because of this, the Forest Service is examining ways to improve the multiple-use planning process. One of the new approaches involves a special plan for eight National Forests in the South and Central Appalachian Mountains, in which planning is done by interdisciplinary teams, and the public is significantly involved in the planning process. A guide has been prepared, and planning is starting for the smaller units within the area. In the early stages, this new method of multiple-use...

Although oak wilt has been studied for more than 30 years, there are many facets of the disease that are little understood. Continuing Federal-State cooperative studies are geared to predicting the overall effects of the disease on future forest management programs, but much additional research is needed before present control programs can be expanded or discarded in a conscionable way.

A method is presented for analyzing oak management alternatives through comparisons of the present value of the net cash flow produced. Even-aged management without age-class regulation returned $72.60 of present value over a 40-year period. In the next 40 years the only expenses reduce the present value to $72.43. To regulate this stand into a forest with an equal number of acres in each age class, the present value is estimated to be $71.08, for a regulation cost of $1.35 per-acre. The average acre, selectively cut to create an all-aged stand, returns a present value of $63.17. This is a...

Diseases that result in discoloration and decay of wood are major problems affecting all species of oak. Wounds often start the processes that can lead to these diseases. The type and severity of the wound, the vigor of the tree, the environment, and the aggressiveness of microorganisms that infect are some of the most important factors that determine the nature of the disease. Decay following fire wounds and decay in sprout stems have been the major defects in oak. Now discolorations and other defects once considered minor are becoming more important.

A method used to develop rate of value increase is described as an aid to management decision-making. Regional rates of value increase and financial maturity diameters for ten species common to the oak-hickory type are outlined, and the economic principles involved are explained to show how they apply to either individual trees or stands.

"Reconstituted" describes a family of panel products made from fractionated oak, bonded with either a synthetic resin or a natural lignin bond. Several current commercial fiber panel products from oak are described, and the status of research on experimental products and processes is presented. Recent technological developments are removing the stigma associated with the use of oak as raw material for reconstituted panel products. It is probable that in the future reconstituted panels will be manufactured by a dry rather than a wet process.