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- Urban tree canopy (UTC) measures the spatial extent of the layer of leaves, branches, and stems of trees that cover the ground when viewed from above. It provides a measure of coverage, often expressed as a percentage of land area. The spatial distribution of urban tree canopy is heterogeneous: neither uniform nor random. Trees provide ecosystem services, and the uneven distribution of trees results in the uneven and inequitable distribution of ecosystem services and environmental, economic, and social benefits of urban trees.Although there are many ways to measure tree canopy cover in...AuthorsDexter H. Locke [editor], Colleen Murphy-Dunning, Morgan GroveKeywordsSourceThe Sage Encyclopedia of Environmental Justice. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications, Inc.Year2026
- We field-collected Thanasimus dubius (Fabricius) (Coleoptera: Cleridae) adults during spring, maintained them separately in the laboratory, and initially gave them four bark beetle adults [Ips grandicollis (Eichhoff) or Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae)] daily as prey. Using a subset of the female clerids (N = 41), we assigned them to one of four feeding groups that varied in the number of prey provided daily. For the first four weeks of a 12–week study, the four diets were: four prey daily, two prey daily, one prey daily, and one prey every 2 days. After four...AuthorsRobert A. Haack, Robert K LawrenceKeywordsSourceThe Great Lakes EntomologistYear2026
- Hylesinus aculeatus Say (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) commonly infests the trunks and limbs of recently dead, dying, or cut ash (Fraxinus spp.) trees in eastern North America. In the Great Lakes region, H. aculeatus is univoltine, overwinters as adults, breeds in late spring and early summer, and constructs transverse biramous egg galleries. I sampled trunk and branch sections from three small-diameter white ash (F. americana L.) trees that were cut in April 1986 in Ingham County, Michigan, and then naturally infested by H. aculeatus and associates. Bolts cut from these trees and...AuthorsRobert A. HaackKeywordsSourceThe Great Lakes EntomologistYear2026
- A federal quarantine was enacted in the United States (US) in the fall of 1992 in response to discovery of the Eurasian pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytinae), in July 1992 in Ohio. The quarantine regulated movement of pine products (e.g., Christmas trees, nursery stock, and logs) at the county level from infested to uninfested US states. A classical biological program was considered for T. piniperda starting in 1995, focusing on the Eurasian clerid beetle Thanasimus formicarius (L.), an important predator of T. piniperda. Concerns were raised in 1996 that if T....AuthorsRobert A. Haack, Robert K. LawrenceKeywordsSourceThe Great Lakes EntomologistYear2026
- Minnesota moose are heat‐stressed during summers, which is adversely impacting their survival. We used both movement and activity data to explore the behavioral responses of Minnesota moose experiencing heat stress, termed ‘hot moose events' or HMEs, to understand how both ambient temperature and available habitat contribute to the ability of these moose to thermoregulate. Hot moose (≥ 39.17°C, as determined by internal biologgers that continuously recorded body temperature), failed to adopt the behavioral switch to foraging habitats during nocturnal activity displayed by moose maintaining...AuthorsMichelle Carstensen, Amanda M. McGraw, Andrew N. Tri, Deahn DonnerKeywordsSourceWildlife BiologyYear2026
- Peatlands are among Earth’s largest terrestrial carbon stores and are crucial for climate regulation, biodiversity conservation, and water security. Yet peatlands worldwide are deteriorating under pressures from climate change and human disturbance. Strategic, globally coordinated research is urgently needed to protect, restore and manage peatlands so they can continue to deliver essential ecosystem services. To meet this challenge, here we present a global research prioritisation for peatland science, based on a two-stage online survey and expert voting exercise involving 467 participants...AuthorsAlice M. Milner, Michelle M. McKeown, Monika Ruwaimana, Angela Gallego-Sala, Julie Loisel, Johanna Menges, Thomas P. Roland, Crystal A. E. Ahiable, Leonard O. Akwany, Paola Alarcon-Prado, Gusti Anshari, Linto Alappat, Andy J. Baird, Mariusz Bąk, Jean Jacques Bambuta Boole, Stephanie E. Batten, Yannick Beaudoin, Michel Bechtold, Zhao-Jun Bu, Sri Parwati Murwani Budisusanti, Juan C. Benavides, Sakonvan Chawchai, Rodney A. Chimner, Alexander R. Cobb, Lydia E. S. Cole, John Connolly, Janet Coral Calvo Vargas, Colin J. Courtney-Mustaphi, Scott J. Davidson, Angeles de la Peña, Emma Duley, Samer Elshehawi, Ingrid Espinoza León, Sarah A. Finkelstein, Michelle Garneau, Nicholas T. Girkin, Erin Glen, Samantha Grover, Piet-Louis Grundling, Josephine N. Handley, Carole Helfter, Kristell Hergoualc’h, Alison M. Hoyt, Xianyu Huang, Gerard Imani, Alexander James, Chantal Kabonyi Nzabandora, Carol Kagaba Kairumba, Frank Kansiime, Randy Kolka, Gerbrand Koren, Atte Korhola, Haruni Krisnawati, Ritesh Kumar, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Kristiina Lång, Tuula Larmola, Simon L. Lewis, Omar R. Lopez, Efrén López-Blanco, Massimo Lupascu, Mónica Maldonado-Fonken, Robert Marchant, Katarzyna Marcisz, Natalia G. Mazei, Yuri A. Mazei, Michel Mbasi, Lulie Melling, Lera Miles, Luca Montanarella, Patrick T. Moss, Fabiola Murgía-Flores, Minh-Ky NGuyen, Nisa Novita, Dylan J. S. Oliver, Emuobosa Akpo Orijemie, Mitsuru Osaki, Susan E. Page, Richard D. Pancost, Shilpa Pandey, Nichole Püschel Hoeneisen, Christian H. Quintana Zagaceta, Amila S. Ratnayake, Mark S. Reed, Line Rochefort, Bárbara Saavedra, Japheth Samuel, Patrick Scheel, Hans Schutten, Florian Siegert, Caroline Signori-Müller, Maria Strack, Fred Stolle, Graeme T. Swindles, Franziska Tanneberger, Merritt R. Turetsky, Adriana B. Urciuolo, Minna Väliranta, Gert Verstraeten, Matthew Warren, Kara L. Webster, Jennie Whinam, Dylan M. Young, Zicheng Yu, Hui ZhangSourceCommunications Earth & EnvironmentYear2026
- Shifts in insect and pathogen pressure with climate change present a potential threat to forest health, carbon sequestration and biodiversity. Here we evaluate climatic effects on insect and pathogen incidence across North America and forecast their future trends under climate scenarios. Using Bayesian hierarchical regression fit to records on more than 1 million trees, we show that warming and drought jointly exacerbate insect and disease incidence in historically colder and wetter regions, while reducing incidence in warmer and drier regions. Models allowing contemporary climate effects...AuthorsZihui Wang, Andrew Gougherty, T. Jonathan DaviesKeywordsSourceNature Ecology & EvolutionYear2026
- Accurate, spatially consistent estimates of tree density remain elusive at continental scales, limiting our ability to assess forest structure, carbon stocks, and biodiversity. Existing global assessments have relied on simplified statistical models and sparse, heterogeneous ground data that are insufficient to capture nonlinear ecological interactions and spatial variability. To address these limitations, we integrated more than 600,000 harmonized ground-based forest inventory plots with satellite-derived vegetation indices, climate surfaces, soil properties, and topographic covariates to...AuthorsMustak Ahmad, Yun Tang, Andrew J. Lister, Javier G.P. Gamarra, William G. Powell, Nathan R. Beane, Wook Jin Choi, Ankita Mitra, Amit Kumar, Anibal Cuchietti, Alain Paquette, Eric Searle, Jiaxin Chen, Han Y.H. Chen, Frans Bongers, Jorge A. Meave, Mario Guevara, Aylin Barreras, José Armando Alanís de la Rosa, Rafael Mayorga Saucedo, Rubi Angélica Cuenca Lara, César Moreno García, Carlos Isaías Godínez Valdivia, Carina Edith Delgado Caballero, Maria de los Ángeles Soriano Luna, Metzli Ileana Aldrete Leal, Sandra Liliana Medina Casillas, Johny Romero Correa, Sergio Armando Villela Gaytán, J. Javier Corral Rivas, José Daniel Vega-Nieva, Jaime Briseño-Reyes, Pablito Marcelo López-Serrano, Tom M. Fayle, Jan Altman, Daniel J. Johnson, Jingjing LiangKeywordsSourceForest EcosystemsYear2026
- The integrated moisture index (IMI) was developed to indicate long‐term soil moisture potential from data collected in southeastern Ohio. Like the topographic wetness index, the IMI is derived from terrain characteristics that influence the downslope movement of water, with the addition of soil water‐holding capacity. The combination of terrain and soil characteristics provides improved mapping of potential soil moisture. Since the development of the IMI, advances in soil data and geographic information systems warrant revisiting the original methods and modifying the calculation. I...AuthorsMatthew PetersKeywordsSourceTransactions in GISYear2026
- Periodic outbreaks of forest insect pests shape northern forest dynamics, yet interactions between multiple insect–host systems—and their role in ecosystem metastability and resilience—remain poorly understood. To elucidate these spatiotemporal interactions, we investigated the coupled dynamics of two dominant insect–host systems—spruce budworm (SBW) associated with late‐successional fir and spruce, and forest tent caterpillar (FTC) associated with early‐successional aspen. We assess whether asynchronous outbreak patterns shift over time and whether those shifts are consistent with forest...AuthorsBrian R. Sturtevant, Barry J. Cooke, Daniel Kneeshaw, Louis‐Etienne Robert, Patrick M. A. James, Marie‐Josée Fortin, Peter T. Wolter, Philip A. TownsendKeywordsSourceEcologyYear2026