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- Weed management is an integral practice for agriculture-, horticulture-, and forestry-related plant production systems. Weeds create similar problems in improved agroforestry cropping systems as in conventional agriculture and horticulture. While traditional chemical and mechanical weed management techniques are effective for these practices, they require a great deal of labor, are very costly, and can be detrimental to soil health and water quality. An alternative to traditional weed management techniques is the use of ground cover, known as cover crops, to control the spread and suppress...AuthorsBrent S. DeBauche, Chung-Ho Lin, Elizabeth Rogers, Ryan Vinhal, Ronald S. Zalesny Jr.KeywordsSourceInternational Union of Forest Research Organizations (IUFRO)Year2025
- Accurate accounting of greenhouse‐gas (GHG) emissions and removals is central to tracking progress toward climate mitigation and for monitoring potential climate‐change feedbacks. GHG budgeting and reporting can follow either the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change methodologies for National Greenhouse Gas Inventory (NGHGI) reporting or use atmospheric‐based “top‐down” (TD) inversions or process‐based “bottom‐up” (BU) approaches. To help understand and reconcile these approaches, the Second REgional Carbon Cycle Assessment and Processes study (RECCAP2) was established to quantify GHG...AuthorsBenjamin Poulter, Guillermo Murray‐Tortarolo, Daniel J. Hayes, Philippe Ciais, Robbie M. Andrew, Ana Bastos, Brendan Byrne, David Butman, Josep G. Canadell, Abhishek Chatterjee, Grant M. Domke, Andrew Feldman, Kelsey Foster, Neha Hunka, Robert B. Jackson, Werner A. Kurz, Ayia Lindquist, Maodian Liu, Ingrid Luijkx, Arnaud Mialon, Anna M. Michalak, John Miller, Wolfgang A. Obermeier, Naiqin Pan, James T. Randerson, Peter A. Raymond, Pierre Regnier, Laure Resplandy, Gerard Rocher‐Ros, Nemesio Rodriquez‐Fernandez, Judith Rosentreter, Julio César Salazar‐Neira, Suzanne E. Tank, Hanqin Tian, Rodrigo Vargas, Yohanna Villalobos, Jonathan A. Wang, Xinyuan Wei, Kimberly P. Wickland, Christopher Williams, Lisamarie Windham‐Myers, Christopher W. W. Woodall, Qing Ying, Zhen ZhangKeywordsSourceGlobal Biogeochemical CyclesYear2025
- Most research addressing land use change and forest management effects on soil carbon (C) is conducted at large or localized scales, rather than intermediate scales where management is planned and implemented. We assessed effects of land use and forest management on soil C stocks, for the Central Hardwoods ecoregion of the U.S., using meta-analysis, soil survey and national forest inventory databases to examine baseline controls on soil C stocks and their responses to land use and forest management. Biotic and geologic factors drive baseline variation in soil C stocks across the ecoregion,...AuthorsLucas E. Nave, Kendall DeLyser, Grant M. Domke, Scott M. Holub, John M. Kabrick, Adrienne B. Keller, Patricia Leopold, Matthew Peters, Kevin A. Solarik, Chris SwanstonKeywordsSourceGeoderma RegionalYear2025
- Soils are the largest terrestrial carbon sink on Earth, yet substantial uncertainty in the size and stability of this pool remains. Much of this uncertainty stems from the characterization of bulk density, which is the mass of a soil sample divided by its volume, a key property in the calculation of soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks. We used data from nearly 2900 plots in the United States (U.S.) Nationwide Forest Inventory to quantify SOC stocks in forests with three common methods of calculating soil bulk density. Mean SOC stocks calculated with these methods varied by up to 13 Mg ha− 1,...AuthorsAshley Lang, Melissa A. Pastore, Brian F. Walters, Grant M. DomkeKeywordsSourceBiogeochemistryYear2025
- The July 2016 flood in northwest Wisconsin caused the failure of over 40 road-stream crossings and damaged 300 miles of roads on the Chequamegon-Nicolet National Forest. Peak flood flow estimates were obtained at 26 road-stream crossing sites including 17 sites designed using stream simulation (SS). Peak flood magnitudes ranged from 9 to 2,629 cubic feet/second/square mile (cfsm). Floods at 21 sites were over 100 cfsm which were 1.4 to 14.4 times greater than the estimated 1 percent annual exceedance probability flood. Only 1 of 17 SS sites failed, although 13 overtopped. Infrastructure...AuthorsDale Higgins, Deahn DonnerKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. NRS-231. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 69 p.Year2025
- The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Best Management Practices (BMP) program assists in meeting agency Clean Water Act objectives with nationally consistent monitoring. National BMP program monitoring protocols are used to evaluate BMP implementation (including planning) and effectiveness for most types of land disturbing activities that occur on national forests and grasslands. This report summarizes data from the first two full monitoring periods—federal fiscal years 2015–2016 and 2017–2018—for range, road, and mechanical vegetation management protocols. Best...AuthorsPamela Edwards, Frederica Wood, Joan Y. CarlsonKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. NRS-232. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 567 p.Year2025
- The U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, National Best Management Practices (BMP) program assists in meeting agency Clean Water Act objectives with nationally consistent monitoring. National BMP program monitoring protocols are used to evaluate BMP implementation (including planning) and effectiveness for most types of land disturbing activities that occur on national forests and grasslands. This report summarizes data from the first two full monitoring periods—federal fiscal years 2015–2016 and 2017–2018—for wildland fire, recreation, and water uses management protocols. Best...AuthorsPamela Edwards, Frederica Wood, Joan Y. CarlsonKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. NRS-233. Madison, WI: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Northern Research Station. 538 p.Year2025
- Nature-based solutions (NBS) are increasingly used to build urban climate resilience by employing natural features and processes. Implementing NBS in urban residential areas relies on the availability of unsealed soil surfaces. Here we investigate how soil is distributed at fine spatial scales across Los Angeles County, the second largest metropolitan area in the United States, to examine the potential for NBS to be realized equitably. We delineate soil patches in residential areas across a range of socioeconomic settings and urban forms, and then compare soil patch metrics to social...AuthorsAdam Berland, Dustin L. Herrmann, Dexter H. Locke, Kirsten SchwarzSourceLandscape and Urban PlanningYear2025
- Urban tree canopy provides benefits, but is not equitably distributed across neighborhoods, which is an environmental distributive injustice. Trees take time to grow, so historic neighborhood conditions explain, in part, present-day conditions and the inequitable distribution of tree canopy and associated benefits. In 1934, the Federal Housing Administration (FHA) was created to help develop new housing and promote homeownership by insuring home loans, and consequently helped shape urban development. In 1937, the FHA ranked neighborhoods in Washington, DC, and the greater metropolitan area...AuthorsJack Maney, Dexter H. LockeSourceUrban Forestry & Urban GreeningYear2025
- The spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula) and spongy moth (Lymantria dispar) are notorious invasive forest pests that are spread through human-mediated transport to invade new habitats. In this study, spotted lanternfly and spongy moth eggs were exposed to various temperature-exposure time (35 to 70 °C and 15 to 135 min) treatments in the laboratory. Spotted lanternfly egg masses were collected from various sites in 2022 and 2023, while the spongy moth egg masses were obtained from lab-reared colonies. Heat treatments were applied using an Isotemp microbiological incubator in the spring...AuthorsNooshin Zandi-Sohani, Melody Keena, Michael R. Gallagher, Anthony Cullen, Dong H. ChaKeywordsSourceJournal of Economic EntomologyYear2025