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- This paper builds on the expansion of urban ecology from a biologically based discipline—ecology in the city—to an increasingly interdisciplinary field—ecology of the city—to a transdisciplinary, knowledge to action endeavor—an ecology for and with the city. We build on this “prepositional journey” by proposing a transformative shift in urban ecology, and we present a framework for how the field may continue this shift. We conceptualize that urban ecology is in a state of flux, and that this shift is needed to transform urban ecology into a more engaged and action based field, and one that...AuthorsNiki Frantzeskaki, Daniel L. Childers, Steward Pickett, Fushcia-Ann Hoover, Pippin Anderson, Aliyu Barau, Joshua Ginsberg, Morgan Grove, Marleen Lodder, Ariel Lugo, Timon McPhearson, Tischa A. A. Munoz, Mien Quartier, Selina Schepers, Ayyoob Sharifi, Katrien van de SijpeSourceAmbioYear2024
- Long-term urban soil studies provide details of how urban soils develop over time. Urban soils are affected by regional and local pressures related to air pollution and introduced species such as earthworms and vegetation, which can affect change within relatively short periods of time. In Baltimore, forest soils of an urban–rural gradient were re-sampled, and it was found that, over two decades, calcium (Ca) concentration and pH had increased. These forest soils are habitats for populations of earthworms, which feed on the leaf litter and, consequently, locally alter the forest floor....AuthorsIan Yesilonis, Sarah Placella, Csaba Csuzdi, Katalin SzlaveczKeywordsSourceApplied Soil EcologyYear2024
- An important consideration in studies of the relationship between greenspace exposure and health is the use of mapped data to assign geographic exposures to participants. Previous studies have used validated data from municipal park departments to describe the boundaries of public greenspaces. However, this approach assumes that these data accurately describe park boundaries, that formal parks fully capture the park and greenspace exposure of residents, and (for studies that use personal GPS traces to assign participant exposures) that time spent within these boundaries represents time...AuthorsDustin Fry, Lara Roman, Michelle KondoKeywordsSourceInternational Journal of Health GeographicsYear2024
- Parks can provide a low-cost setting for safe physical activity, but older adults are underrepresented among park users in the United States. Using data from a population-representative survey in 2015 and 2018 among adults aged 60 years and older living in Philadelphia, we tested whether perceived access was a mechanism by which objectively-measured park access predicted self-reported physical activity. After controlling for individual-level factors and neighborhood characteristics, we found a statistically significant pathway from overall park area and within-park tree canopy to increased...AuthorsDustin Fry, Russell K. McIntire, Michelle KondoKeywordsSourceHealth & PlaceYear2024
- Addition of nitrogen (N) to forest soil may alter wood decay rates and fungal community structure and richness. In a northern Sweden Pinus sylvestris L. forest, two levels of ammonium nitrate were applied annually from 1971 to 2008. In 2007 we initiated an investigation into wood decay (assessed through mass loss) and fungal responses using stakes of trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) wood installed at different soil depths in plots where zero (N0), low (34 kg; N1), or high (68 kg; N2) levels of N were applied. Stakes were located either...AuthorsKatelyn Alexander, Michael S. Strickland, Martin F. Jurgensen, Michelle A. Jusino, Mark Banik, Derek Pierson, Joanne M. Tirocke, R. Kasten Dumroese, Deborah S. Page-Dumroese, Daniel LindnerKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 572: 122197.Year2024
- Mercury is a persistent environmental pollutant emitted from fossil fuel combustion. It is widely dispersed in the environment and can be especially concentrated in peatlands. Peatlands provide many ecosystem services, such as carbon storage, water filtration, and wildlife habitat. However, environmental conditions in peatlands can be conducive to the formation of the highly toxic methylmercury that bioaccumulates in the aquatic food chain and leads to harmful health effects in humans, animals, and other fauna. The mercury methylation process occurs in conditions that are low in oxygen,...AuthorsJenna Zukswert, Stephen D. Sebestyen, Randall Kolka, Susan L. EggertKeywordsSourceFSYear2024
- As a party to the 1992 United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), the United States has reported an inventory of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and removals by sector every year, using the methodological guidance from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), since the mid-1990s (U.S. EPA 2024). The United States is also party to the 2015 Paris Agreement. In 2024, the annual inventory supports both agreements for the first time. It follows guidelines under these agreements and presents information in a common and consistent format to assess the relative...AuthorsGrant M. Domke, Brian F. Walters, James Smith, Eric J. Greenfield, Courtney Giebink, Stephen M. Ogle, John Steller, Kenna Rewcastle, Jonathan Knott, John W. Coulston, Kelly A. Heilman, Ashley LangKeywordsSourceResour. Bull. WO-102. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Washington OfficeYear2024
- Background: Wood carbon fractions (CFs)—the proportion of dry woody biomass comprised of elemental carbon (C)—are a key component of forest C estimation protocols and studies. Traditionally, a wood CF of 50% has been assumed in forest C estimation protocols, but recent studies have specifically quantified differences in wood CFs across several different forest biomes and taxonomic divisions, negating the need for generic wood CF assumptions. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), in its 2006 “Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories”, published its own multitiered...AuthorsMahendra Doraisami, Grant M. Domke, Adam R. MartinKeywordsSourceCarbon Balance and ManagementYear2024
- Recent advances in data science and urban environmental health research utilise large-scale databases (100s–1000s of cities) to explore the complex interplay of urban characteristics such as city form and size, climate, mobility, exposure, and environmental health impacts. Cities are still hotspots of air pollution and noise, suffer urban heat island effects and lack of green space, which leads to disease and mortality burdens preventable with better knowledge. Better understanding through harmonising and analysing data in large numbers of cities is essential to identifying the most...AuthorsGeorgia M.C. Dyer, Sasha Khomenko, Deepti Adlakha, Susan Anenberg, Julianna Angelova, Martin Behnisch, Geoff Boeing, Xuan Chen, Marta Cirach, Kees de Hoogh, Ana V Diez Roux, Manuel Esperon-Rodriguez, Benjamin Flueckiger, Antonio Gasparrini, Tamara Iungman, Haneen Khreis, Michelle Kondo, Pierre Masselot, Robert I McDonald, Federica Montana, Rich Mitchell, Natalie Mueller, M. Omar Nawaz, Evelise Pereira, Enrico Pisoni, Rafael Prieto-Curiel, Nazanin Rezaei, Diego Rybski, José J. Ramasco, Rossano Schifanella, Saif Shabou, Lambed Tatah, Hannes Taubenböck, Cathryn Tonne, Daniel Velázquez-Cortés, James Woodcock, Qin Zhang, Mark NieuwenhuijsenKeywordsSourceCitiesYear2024
- To facilitate effective management strategies for hardwood forests, it is essential to understand both the economic and ecological objectives associated with forest or orchard development, especially for timber and nut production. Most of the forested land within the Central Hardwood Forest Region (CHFR) is privately owned or managed by governmental agencies. As such, private landowners, or persons in management positions within governmental entities are charged with developing the land to best suit the economic/wildlife interests of the property owner. If such management options include...AuthorsShaneka Lawson, Niall Lue Sue, Mark CogeshallKeywordsSourceThe NutshellYear2024