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- Due to a combination of climate change-driven threats and economic opportunities, cities across the world are investing billions of dollars in waterfront infrastructure and coastal restoration. Urban planners and park managers are often tasked with designing and programming blue spaces to maximize ecosystem services (ES) for local users. However, it is not always clear which ES are most valued, and by whom. Thus, the design of urban waterfronts presents challenges in identifying how communities engage with these spaces and how new planning might alter such uses if not accounted for. This...AuthorsAnne Toomey, Monica Palta, Michelle Johnson, Jason Smith, Novem Auyeung Balladares, Erika Svendsen, Rob Pirani, Lindsay K. CampbellKeywordsSourceCities and the Environment (CATE). 16(2): 9.Year2023
- The relationship between biodiversity and stability, or its inverse, temporal variability, is multidimensional and complex. Temporal variability in aggregate properties, like total biomass or abundance, is typically lower in communities with higher species diversity (i.e., the diversity–stability relationship [DSR]). At broader spatial extents, regional-scale aggregate variability is also lower with higher regional diversity (in plant systems) and with lower spatial synchrony. However, focusing exclusively on aggregate properties of communities may overlook potentially destabilizing...AuthorsNathan I Wisnoski, Riley Andrade, Max C. N. Castorani, Christopher P. Catano, Aldo Compagnoni, Thomas Lamy, Nina Lany, Luca Marazzi, Sydne Record, Annie C. Smith, Christopher M. Swan, Jonathan D. Tonkin, Nicole M. Voelker, Phoebe L. Zarnetske, Eric R. SokolKeywordsSourceEcologyYear2023
- International trade continues to drive biological invasions. We investigate the drivers of global nonnative ant establishments over the last two centuries using a Cox proportional hazards model. We use country‐level discovery records for 36 of the most widespread nonnative ant species worldwide from 1827 to 2012.We find that climatic similarity combined with cumulative imports during the 20 years before a species discovery in any given year is an important predictor of establishment. Accounting for invasions from both the native and previously invaded "bridgehead" regions substantially...AuthorsPaul Mwebaze, Andrew M. Liebhold, Cleo Bertelsmeier, Derek Kellenberg, Olivia K. Bates, Michael R. SpringbornKeywordsSourceJournal of the Agricultural and Applied Economics AssociationYear2023
- Twenty-five years since foundational publications on valuing ecosystem services for human well-being1,2, addressing the global biodiversity crisis3 still implies confronting barriers to incorporating nature's diverse values into decision-making. These barriers include powerful interests supported by current norms and legal rules such as property rights, which determine whose values and which values of nature are acted on. A better understanding of how and why nature is (under)valued is more urgent than ever4. Notwithstanding agreements to incorporate nature’s values into actions, including...AuthorsUnai Pascual, Patricia Balvanera, Christopher B. Anderson, Rebecca Chaplin-Kramer, Michael Christie, David González-Jiménez, Adrian Martin, Christopher M. Raymond, Mette Termansen, Arild Vatn, Simone Athayde, Brigitte Baptiste, David N. Barton, Sander Jacobs, Eszter Kelemen, Ritesh Kumar, Elena Lazos, Tuyeni H. Mwampamba, Barbara Nakangu, Patrick O’Farrell, Suneetha M. Subramanian, Meine van Noordwijk, SoEun Ahn, Sacha Amaruzaman, Ariane M. Amin, Paola Arias-Arévalo, Gabriela Arroyo-Robles, Mariana Cantú-Fernández, Antonio J. Castro, Victoria Contreras, Alta De Vos, Nicolas Dendoncker, Stefanie Engel, Uta Eser, Daniel P. Faith, Anna Filyushkina, Houda Ghazi, Erik Gómez-Baggethun, Rachelle K. Gould, Louise Guibrunet, Haripriya Gundimeda, Thomas Hahn, Zuzana V Harmáčková, Marcello Hernández-Blanco, Andra-Ioana Horcea-Milcu, Mariaelena Huambachano, Natalia Lutti Hummel Wicher, Cem İskender Aydın, Mine Islar, Ann-Kathrin Koessler, Jasper O. Kenter, Marina Kosmus, Heera Lee, Beria Leimona, Sharachchandra Lele, Dominic Lenzi, Bosco Lliso, Lelani M. Mannetti, Juliana Merçon, Ana Sofía Monroy-Sais, Nibedita Mukherjee, Barbara Muraca, Roldan Muradian, Ranjini Murali, Sara H. Nelson, Gabriel R. Nemogá-Soto, Jonas Ngouhouo-Poufoun, Aidin Niamir, Emmanuel Nuesiri, Tobias O. Nyumba, Begüm Özkaynak, Ignacio Palomo, Ram Pandit, Agnieszka Pawłowska-Mainville, Luciana Porter-Bolland, Martin Quaas, Julian Rode, Ricardo Rozzi, Sonya Sachdeva, Aibek Samakov, Marije Schaafsma, Nadia Sitas, Paula Ungar, Evonne Yiu, Yuki Yoshida, Eglee ZentSourceNatureYear2023
- Due to the devastating effects of butternut canker disease, efforts to protect the endangered butternut (Juglans cinerea) tree through resistance breeding have been a primary focus of forest restoration efforts. Walnut witches'-broom (WWB) disease poses a serious threat to these restoration efforts. This study sought to confirm the presence of the WWB disease phytoplasma, 'Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni’, in butternut research plantings in Indiana using molecular methods and Sanger sequencing and to identify butternut families affected by the disease. We also sought to better understand the...AuthorsCarrie J. Fearer, Anna O. ConradKeywordsSourcePlant DiseaseYear2023
- Segregation by racialized categories is common to cities across the world and its social effects are well studied. However, the environmental effects—the ecology of segregation—have received less attention. Racialized segregation persists through time and is associated with environmental hazards or lack of amenities. The environmental burdens of racial segregation are increasingly documented and this paper synthesizes the dynamics of segregation and the dynamics of ecological conditions associated with it. The ‘adaptive cycle of resilience,’ an important social–ecological theory, is...AuthorsSteward T. A. Pickett, Morgan Grove, Christopher G. Boone, Geoffrey L. BuckleyKeywordsSourceBuildings and CitiesYear2023
- Background. Shortleaf pine is a fire-adapted tree species, and prescribed fire is commonly used to increase its regeneration success, improve wildlife habitat, and reach conservation objectives associated with open forest ecosystems. We studied direct effects of heat and smoke on shortleaf pine germination in a greenhouse study and effects of season of burning on the number of new germinants in a field study. Improved understanding of fire effects on shortleaf pine seed and regeneration success can help refine burn prescriptions to better meet specific management objectives. Results....AuthorsHope Fillingim, Benjamin O. Knapp, John M. Kabrick, Michael C. Stambaugh, Grant P. Elliott, Daniel C. C. DeyKeywordsSourceFire EcologyYear2023
- Spathius galinae is a larval parasitoid native to the Russian Far East that was approved for release in the United States in 2015 for biological control of the emerald ash borer (EAB), Agrilus planipennis, an invasive beetle from Asia responsible for widespread mortality of ash trees (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. From 2015 to 2017, 1,340–1,445 females of S. galinae along with males were released into each release plot, paired with a nonrelease control plot (1–12.5 km apart), at 6 postinvasion forested sites containing abundant pole-sized ash trees in Michigan. By 2018, S. galinae had...AuthorsJian Duan, Jonathan Schmude, Toby R. Petrice, Leah Bauer, Therese M. M. Poland, Jennifer L. Chandler, Ryan Crandall, Joseph Elkinton, Roy Van DriescheSourceJournal of Economic EntomologyYear2023
- Interactions between above- and below-ground monoculture forest plantation components are critical to tree growth and development. Within the Central Hardwoods Region (CHR), synergistic relationships between tree species and soil microbial community structure and function have received limited research attention. Soil microbes are integral to forest ecosystems as their activities intrinsically promote soil organic matter decomposition, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem functioning. Here, we examined soils from two perfectly aligned stands of black walnut (BW, Juglans nigra L.) and Northern...AuthorsTerrence G. Gardner, Juan P. Frene, Shaneka Lawson, Niall D. Lue Sue, Jeffery Handy, Ralph H. CrawfordKeywordsSourceForestsYear2023
- Although the impacts of intensive agriculture on biodiversity and strategies for mitigating these effects have been widely described, small-scale, diversified farms and the opportunities they present for bird conservation have been less thoroughly examined. This omission is potentially significant, because this form of agriculture represents a growing sector of the industry in the populous northeastern USA, and the diverse habitats on these farms contrast with larger, structurally homogeneous intensive agriculture. To evaluate bird-habitat associations and conservation opportunities for...AuthorsIsabel R. Brofsky, David King, Kimberly PetersKeywordsSourceRenewable Agriculture and Food SystemsYear2023