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- There is no more iconic tree or more closely watched forest ecosystem than coast redwood. With its limited range and high value, the coast redwood forest is a microcosm of many of the emerging science and management issues facing today’s forested landscapes. As new information is collected and new management approaches and treatments tried, it is critical that policies and strategies guiding use and management within the redwood region be reviewed and updated based on objective scientific information. With changes in California’s demographic makeup, land ownership, and the regional...AuthorsRichard B. Standiford, Yana ValachovicKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-258. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 446 p.Year2017
- Changes in climate can indirectly regulate populations at higher trophic levels by influencing the availability of food resources in the lower reaches of the food web. As such, species that rely on fruit and nectar food resources may be particularly sensitive to these bottom-up perturbations due to the strength of their trophic linkages with climatically-influenced plants. To measure the influence of climatically-mediated, bottom-up processes, we used climate, bird capture, bird count, and plant phenology data from the Big Island of Hawaii to construct a series of structural equation and...AuthorsJared Wolfe, C. John Ralph, Andrew WiegardtKeywordsSourceEcology. 98(11): 2885-2894Year2017
- Migratory species employ a variety of strategies to meet energetic demands of postbreeding molt. As such, at least a few species of western Neotropical migrants are known to undergo short-distance upslope movements to locations where adults molt body and flight feathers (altitudinal molt migration). Given inherent difficulties in measuring subtle movements of birds occurring in western mountains, we believe that altitudinal molt migration may be a common yet poorly documented phenomenon. To examine prevalence of altitudinal molt migration, we used 29 years of bird capture data in a series...AuthorsAndrew Wiegardt, Jared Wolfe, C. John Ralph, Jaime L. Stephens, John AlexanderKeywordsSourceEcology and Evolution. 7(19): 7750-7764Year2017
- Stand-replacing fire has profound ecological impacts in conifer forests, yet there is continued uncertainty over how best to describe the scale of stand-replacing effects within individual fires, and how these effects are changing over time. In forests where regeneration following stand-replacing fire depends on seed dispersal from surviving trees, the size and shape of stand-replacing patches are critical metrics that are difficult to describe and often overlooked. We used a novel, recently-developed metric that describes the amount of stand-replacing area within a given distance of a...AuthorsJens Stevens, Brandon M. Collins, Jay D. Miller, Malcolm P. North, Scott L. StephensKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 406: 28-36Year2017
- Monitoring and evaluation are central to ensuring that innovative, multi-scale, and interdisciplinary approaches to sustainability are effective. The development of relevant indicators for local sustainable management outcomes, and the ability to link these to broader national and international policy targets, are key challenges for resource managers, policymakers, and scientists. Sets of indicators that capture both ecological and social-cultural factors, and the feedbacks between them, can underpin cross-scale linkages that help bridge local and global scale initiatives to increase...AuthorsEleanor J. Sterling, Christopher Filardi, Anne Toomey, Amanda Sigouin, Erin Betley, Nadav Gazit, Jennifer Newell, Simon Albert, Diana Alvira, Nadia Bergamini, Mary Blair, David Boseto, Kate Burrows, Nora Bynum, Sophie Caillon, Jennifer E. Caselle, Joachim Claudet, Georgina Cullman, Rachel Dacks, Pablo B. Eyzaguirre, Steven Gray, James Herrera, Peter Kenilorea, Kealohanuiopuna Kinney, Natalie Kurashima, Suzanne Macey, Cynthia Malone, Senoveva Mauli, Joe McCarter, Heather McMillen, Pua’ala Pascua, Patrick Pikacha, Ana L. Porzecanski, Pascale de Robert, Matthieu Salpeteur, Myknee Sirikolo, Mark H. Stege, Kristina Stege, Tamara Ticktin, Ron Vave, Alaka Wali, Paige West, Kawika B. Winter, Stacy D. JupiterKeywordsSourceNature Ecology & EvolutionYear2017
- Frequent-fire forests were historically characterized by lower tree density, a higher proportion of pine species, and greater within-stand spatial variability, compared to many contemporary forests where fire has been excluded. As a result, such forests are now increasingly unstable, prone to uncharacteristically severe wildfire or high levels of tree mortality in times of drought stress. While reducing tree density might help to restore resilience, thinning treatments are frequently seen as conflicting with management for other resources such as wildlife habitat, in part because standard...AuthorsEric E. Knapp, Jamie Lydersen, Malcolm P. North, Brandon M. CollinsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 406: 228-241Year2017
- This study evaluated the effectiveness of two bioswales eight years after construction in Davis, California. The treatment bioswale measured 9 m × 1 m × 1 m (L × W × D). Engineered soil mix (75% native lava rock and 25% loam soil) replaced the native loam soil. Four Red Tip Photinia (Photinia × fraseri Dress) trees and two Blueberry Muffin Hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino) shrubs were planted in the bioswale. Runoff flowed into the bioswale from an adjacent 171 m2 panel of turf grass. An identically sized control bioswale consisting of non-disturbed native soil was located...AuthorsQingfu Xiao, E. Gregory McPherson, Qi Zhang, Xinlei Ge, Randy DahlgrenKeywordsSourceInfrastructuresYear2017
- Plant invasion typically occurs within a landscape‐scale framework of abiotic and biotic conditions, often resulting in emergent feedbacks among environment, ecosystem functions, and the dominance of invasive species. Understanding the mechanisms underlying successful invasions is an important component of conservation and management efforts, but this has been poorly investigated in a spatially explicit manner. Knowing where and why invasion patterns change throughout the landscape enables managers to use context‐specific controls on the spread of invasive species. Using high‐resolution...AuthorsJomar M. Barbosa, Gregory P. Asner, Flint F. Hughes, Tracy JohnsonKeywordsSourceEcological Applications. 27(2): 403-415Year2017
- This study used tree data from field plots in urban areas to describe forest structure in urban areas throughout California. The plot data were used with numerical models to calculate several ecosystem services produced by trees. A series of transfer functions were calculated to scale-up results from the plots to the landscape using urban tree canopy (UTC) mapped at 1-m resolution for each combination of 6 land use classes and climate zones. California's UTC covered 15% of the urban area and contained 173.2 million trees, five per city resident. UTC per capita was lowest among U.S. states...AuthorsE. Gregory McPherson, Qingfu Xiao, Natalie S. van Doorn, John de Goede, Jacquelyn Bjorkman, Allan Hollander, Ryan M. Boynton, James F. Quinn, James H. ThorneKeywordsSourceUrban Forestry & Urban GreeningYear2017
- This special issue of Forest Phytophthoras serves as part of the proceedings from the Sixth Sudden Oak Death Science Symposium held June 21 -23, 2016 at Fort Mason Center in San Francisco, CA, USA. The symposium marked almost 16 years to the day that David Rizzo (UC Davis) and Matteo Garbelotto (UC Berkeley) identified the cause of sudden oak death to be a previously unknown Phytophthora species, later named Phytophthora ramorum. Many of the approximately 200 participants at the conference have dedicated the past 15 years, a large portion of their life’s work, to protect U.S. forests from...AuthorsSusan J. FrankelSourceForest PhytophthorasYear2017