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Displaying 1,151 - 1,160 of 7,105 Publications
- Humans have no doubt observed the coast redwood, Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl., in wonder for thousands of years. It is no small task to seek understanding of a species whose sheer size cannot readily be assessed from the ground and whose generation time can exceed that of humans by 100 times. Fortunately, the scientific method has provided a steadfast approach to study, describe, and explore many aspects of S. sempervirens ecology in recent centuries.This review focuses on select aspects of coast redwood ecology that illustrate how redwood research has progressed and proliferated...AuthorsEmily E. BurnsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-258. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 9-13Year2017
- Of perhaps all forests in North America, the fire regime of coast redwoods (Sequoia sempervirens (D. Don) Endl.) is most enigmatic. Widely considered a temperate rainforest, a large number of fire history studies depict a forest dominated by frequent surface fire regimes. Coast redwood also has a long list of traits that allow it to persist and dominate under such a chronic fire regime: thick bark, flammable litter, ability to resprout, and rapid pruning. Determining how redwood fire regimes functioned is a major question for restoration and conservation efforts. The origins of frequent...AuthorsJulian (Morgan) Varner, Erik S. JulesKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-258. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 15-18Year2017
- Twenty years ago the Redwood region was dominated by the so called “timber wars”. On public lands the Northwest Forest Plan forced a new ecosystem management approach. On private lands, the Headwaters Forest initiative and Redwood Summer events were forcing state and federal regulators and landowners to rethink forest management strategies on private lands. The foundation for these debates focused on traditional views of public versus private ownership and to what degree environmental protection and intensive forestry could be applied.Twenty years later, the Redwood region has become a...AuthorsTom TuchmanKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-258. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station: 19Year2017
- Yellow pine and mixed-conifer (YPMC) forests are the predominant montane forest type in the Sierra Nevada, southern Cascade Range, and neighboring forested areas on the Modoc and Inyo National Forests (the "assessment area"). YPMC forests occur above the oak woodland belt and below red fir forests, and are dominated by the yellow pines (ponderosa pine [Pinus ponderosa Lawson & C. Lawson] and Jeffrey pine [Pinus jeffreyi Balf.]); white fir (Abies concolor (Gord. & Glend.) Lindl. ex Hildebr.); sugar pine (P. lambertiana Douglas); incense cedar (Calocedrus decurrens (Torr.) Florin); and black...AuthorsHugh D. Safford, Jens StevensKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-256. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 229 p.Year2017
- There is no more iconic tree or more closely watched forest ecosystem than coast redwood. With its limited range and high value, the coast redwood forest is a microcosm of many of the emerging science and management issues facing today’s forested landscapes. As new information is collected and new management approaches and treatments tried, it is critical that policies and strategies guiding use and management within the redwood region be reviewed and updated based on objective scientific information. With changes in California’s demographic makeup, land ownership, and the regional...AuthorsRichard B. Standiford, Yana ValachovicKeywordsSourceGen. Tech. Rep. PSW-GTR-258. Albany, CA: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station. 446 p.Year2017
- Changes in climate can indirectly regulate populations at higher trophic levels by influencing the availability of food resources in the lower reaches of the food web. As such, species that rely on fruit and nectar food resources may be particularly sensitive to these bottom-up perturbations due to the strength of their trophic linkages with climatically-influenced plants. To measure the influence of climatically-mediated, bottom-up processes, we used climate, bird capture, bird count, and plant phenology data from the Big Island of Hawaii to construct a series of structural equation and...AuthorsJared Wolfe, C. John Ralph, Andrew WiegardtKeywordsSourceEcology. 98(11): 2885-2894Year2017
- Migratory species employ a variety of strategies to meet energetic demands of postbreeding molt. As such, at least a few species of western Neotropical migrants are known to undergo short-distance upslope movements to locations where adults molt body and flight feathers (altitudinal molt migration). Given inherent difficulties in measuring subtle movements of birds occurring in western mountains, we believe that altitudinal molt migration may be a common yet poorly documented phenomenon. To examine prevalence of altitudinal molt migration, we used 29 years of bird capture data in a series...AuthorsAndrew Wiegardt, Jared Wolfe, C. John Ralph, Jaime L. Stephens, John AlexanderKeywordsSourceEcology and Evolution. 7(19): 7750-7764Year2017
- Stand-replacing fire has profound ecological impacts in conifer forests, yet there is continued uncertainty over how best to describe the scale of stand-replacing effects within individual fires, and how these effects are changing over time. In forests where regeneration following stand-replacing fire depends on seed dispersal from surviving trees, the size and shape of stand-replacing patches are critical metrics that are difficult to describe and often overlooked. We used a novel, recently-developed metric that describes the amount of stand-replacing area within a given distance of a...AuthorsJens Stevens, Brandon M. Collins, Jay D. Miller, Malcolm P. North, Scott L. StephensKeywordsSourceForest Ecology and Management. 406: 28-36Year2017
- Monitoring and evaluation are central to ensuring that innovative, multi-scale, and interdisciplinary approaches to sustainability are effective. The development of relevant indicators for local sustainable management outcomes, and the ability to link these to broader national and international policy targets, are key challenges for resource managers, policymakers, and scientists. Sets of indicators that capture both ecological and social-cultural factors, and the feedbacks between them, can underpin cross-scale linkages that help bridge local and global scale initiatives to increase...AuthorsEleanor J. Sterling, Christopher Filardi, Anne Toomey, Amanda Sigouin, Erin Betley, Nadav Gazit, Jennifer Newell, Simon Albert, Diana Alvira, Nadia Bergamini, Mary Blair, David Boseto, Kate Burrows, Nora Bynum, Sophie Caillon, Jennifer E. Caselle, Joachim Claudet, Georgina Cullman, Rachel Dacks, Pablo B. Eyzaguirre, Steven Gray, James Herrera, Peter Kenilorea, Kealohanuiopuna Kinney, Natalie Kurashima, Suzanne Macey, Cynthia Malone, Senoveva Mauli, Joe McCarter, Heather McMillen, Pua’ala Pascua, Patrick Pikacha, Ana L. Porzecanski, Pascale de Robert, Matthieu Salpeteur, Myknee Sirikolo, Mark H. Stege, Kristina Stege, Tamara Ticktin, Ron Vave, Alaka Wali, Paige West, Kawika B. Winter, Stacy D. JupiterKeywordsSourceNature Ecology & EvolutionYear2017
- This study evaluated the effectiveness of two bioswales eight years after construction in Davis, California. The treatment bioswale measured 9 m × 1 m × 1 m (L × W × D). Engineered soil mix (75% native lava rock and 25% loam soil) replaced the native loam soil. Four Red Tip Photinia (Photinia × fraseri Dress) trees and two Blueberry Muffin Hawthorn (Rhaphiolepis umbellata (Thunb.) Makino) shrubs were planted in the bioswale. Runoff flowed into the bioswale from an adjacent 171 m2 panel of turf grass. An identically sized control bioswale consisting of non-disturbed native soil was located...AuthorsQingfu Xiao, E. Gregory McPherson, Qi Zhang, Xinlei Ge, Randy DahlgrenKeywordsSourceInfrastructuresYear2017