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- Across diverse biomes and climate types, plants use water stored in bedrock to sustain plant transpiration. Bedrock water storage (Sbedrock), in addition to soil moisture, thus plays an important role in water cycling and should be accounted for in the context of surface energy balances and streamflow generation. Yet, the extent to which bedrock water storage impacts hydrologic partitioning and influences latent heat fluxes has yet to be quantified at large scales. This is particularly important in Mediterranean climates, where the majority of precipitation is offset from energy delivery...AuthorsRobert S. Ehlert, W. Jesse Hahm, David Dralle, Daniella M. Rempe, Diana M. AllenSourceWater Resources Research. 60(8): e2023WR036719Year2024
- The American Pika (Ochotona princeps) has been considered a species at risk due to warming temperatures associated with climate change. Many life-history attributes of pikas contribute to the sensitivity of pikas to warming temperatures. Repeated censuses of a marginal (warm, low-elevation) population of pikas at Bodie State Historic Park, California, conducted from 1972 to 2022, are presented to track the population trajectory of pikas for a time period predating recent awareness of global warming to the present day, thus giving a comprehensive portrayal of how American pikas may be...AuthorsAndrew Smith, Connie I. Millar, Easton White, Jennifer FreyKeywordsSourceJournal of Mammalogy. 105(6): 1418-1429Year2024
- The aim of this study was to investigate the pyrolysis of selected California foliage and estimate the energy content of the released volatiles to show the significance of the pyrolysis of foliage and its role during wildland fires. While the majority of the volatiles released during the pyrolysis of foliage later combust and promote fire propagation, studies on the energy released from combustion of these compounds are scarce. Samples of chamise (Adenostoma fasciculatum), Eastwood’s manzanita (Arctostaphylos glandulosa), scrub oak (Quercus berberidifolia), hoaryleaf ceanothus (Ceanothus...AuthorsMahsa Alizadeh, David R. Weise, Thomas H. FletcherKeywordsSourceFire. 7(8): 271.Year2024
- Background Fire models have used pyrolysis data from oxidising and non-oxidising environments for flaming combustion. In wildland fires pyrolysis, flaming and smouldering combustion typically occur in an oxidising environment (the atmosphere). Aims Using compositional data analysis methods, determine if the composition of pyrolysis gases measured in non-oxidising and ambient (oxidising) atmospheric conditions were similar. Methods Permanent gases and tars were measured in a fuel-rich (non-oxidising) environment in a flat flame burner (FFB). Permanent and light hydrocarbon gases were...AuthorsDavid R. Weise, Thomas H. Fletcher, Timothy J. Johnson, Wei Min Hao, Mark A. Dietenberger, Marko Princevac, Bret W. Butler, Sara S. McAllister, Joseph J. O'Brien, E. Louise Loudermilk, Roger D. Ottmar, Andrew T. Hudak, Akira Kato, Babak Shotorban, Shankar Mahalingam, Tanya L. Myers, Javier Palarea-Albaladejo, Stephen P. BakerKeywordsSourceInternational Journal of Wildland Fire. 33(9): 375Year2024
- The European spruce bark beetle, Ips typographus(L.), is the most important forest pest in Europe due to the profound impacts of periodic outbreaks on ecosystem goods and services. Herein, we evaluated the responses of I. typographusto different doses of verbenone (SPLAT®Verb, 10% (−)-verbenone by weight; ISCA Inc., Riverside, CA, USA) in traps baited with its aggregation pheromones. Results are based on 1,492,289 I. typographuscollected in five experiments over 3 years. SPLAT®Verb inhibited the response of I. typographusto baited traps out to 14 m from the point of release (dollop) and...AuthorsHelge Löcken, Tobias Frühbrodt, Baoguo Du, Christopher J. Fettig, Peter H. W. Biedermann, Jürgen Kreuzwieser, Tim Burzlaff, Horst DelbKeywordsSourceJournal of Applied Entomology. 64(2): 98Year2024
- Accounting for the tradeoffs and importance urban, disadvantaged communities place on ecosystem services has implications for the management of nearby forests. Although stated preference valuation approaches are often used, they are based on an individual’s perspective and rarely account for collective or societal values. Thus, alternative methods are needed to capture this dichotomy from urban communities who may not even be aware of these benefits to themselves or society at-large. We explored individual and collective importance of, and tradeoffs for, ecosystem services (ES) and...AuthorsHaotian Cheng, Francisco J. Escobedo, Alyssa Thomas, Jesus Felix De Los Reyes, José R. SotoKeywordsSourceEcosystem Services. 69(3): 101648Year2024
- A 60-year precipitation and streamflow record from the Caspar Creek Experimental Watersheds in northern California was used to explore the propagation of meteorological drought to hydrological drought. Standardized precipitation and runoff indices were calculated for the two forested catchments using integration periods of 12, 24, and 36 months. The resulting time series were used to define three severe drought events (1976–1977, 2013–2014, and 2020–2022). The earliest drought followed the 1971–1973 harvest of the 417 ha South Fork (SF) watershed, a second followed the 1989–1992 harvest of...AuthorsElizabeth Keppeler, Joseph Wagenbrenner, Salli Dymond, David DralleKeywordsSourceJAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association. 60(5): 928-952.Year2024
- Deforestation and natural resource extraction are well-known threats to biodiversity conservation, environmental justice, livelihoods, ecosystem services and can even result in crimes to, and harassment of, environmental defenders. Such punitive actions against environmental defenders can influence both economic development and forest conservation efforts. Yet, little is known about this nexus and the complex relationships between environmental impacts, such as deforestation, and environmental crimes across space and time in many regions such as Latin America. We explored these complex...AuthorsNicola Clerici, Christina Staudhammer, Francisco J. EscobedoKeywordsSourceTrees, Forests and People. 17(6630): 100610.Year2024
- Herbivorous insects alter biogeochemical cycling within forests, but the magnitude of these impacts, their global variation, and drivers of this variation remain poorly understood. To address this knowledge gap and help improve biogeochemical models, we established a global network of 74 plots within 40 mature, undisturbed broadleaved forests. We analyzed freshly senesced and green leaves for carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silica concentrations, foliar production and herbivory, and stand-level nutrient fluxes. We show more nutrient release by insect herbivores at non-outbreak levels in...AuthorsBernice C. Hwang, Christian P. Giardina, Stephen Adu-Bredu, M. Noelia Barrios-Garcia, Julio C. Calvo-Alvarado, Greta C. Dargie, Haoyu Diao, Virginia G. Duboscq-Carra, Andreas Hemp, Claudia Hemp, Walter Huaraca Huasco, Aleksandr V Ivanov, Nels G. Johnson, Dries P. J. Kuijper, Simon L. Lewis, Paulina Lobos-Catalán, Yadvinder Malhi, Andrew R. Marshall, Levan Mumladze, Alain Senghor K. Ngute, Ana C. Palma, Ion Catalin Petritan, Mariano A. Rordriguez-Cabal, Ifo A. Suspense, Asiia Zagidullina, Tommi Andersson, Darcy F. Galiano-Cabrera, Mylthon Jiménez-Castillo, Marcin Churski, Shelley A. Gage, Nina Filippova, Kainana S. Francisco, Morgan Gaglianese-Woody, Giorgi Iankoshvili, Mgeta Adidas Kaswamila, Herman Lyatuu, Y. E. Mampouya Wenina, Brayan Materu, M. Mbemba, Ruslan Moritz, Karma Orang, Sergey Plyusnin, Beisit L. Puma Vilca, Maria Rodríguez-Solís, Pavel Šamonil, Kinga M. Stępniak, Seana K. Walsh, Han Xu, Daniel B. MetcalfeSourceNature Communications. 15(1): 142.Year2024
- The US faces multiple challenges in facilitating the safe, effective, and proactive use of fire as a landscape management tool. This intentional fire use exposes deeply ingrained communication challenges and distinct but overlapping strategies of prescribed fire, cultural burning, and managed wildfire. We argue for a new conceptual model that is organized around ecological conditions, capacity to act, and motivation to use fire and can integrate and expand intentional fire use as a tool. This result emerges from more considered collaboration and communication of values and needs to address...AuthorsAaron Russell, Nina Fontana, Tyler Hoecker, Alyssa Kamanu, Reetam Majumder, Jilmarie Stephens, Adam M. Young, Amanda E. Cravens, Christian P. Giardina, Kevin Hiers, Jeremy Littell, Adam TerandoKeywordsSourceCell Reports Sustainability. 1(6): 100125.Year2024